        // Drain admin polygon thread pool (may still be processing)
        std::cerr << "Waiting for admin polygon S2 covering to complete..." << std::endl;
        auto admin_results = admin_pool.drain();
        log_phase("    Admin: S2 covering drain", _pt);
        for (auto& [cell_id, ids] : admin_results) {
            auto& target = data.cell_to_admin[cell_id];
            target.insert(target.end(), ids.begin(), ids.end());
        }
        std::cerr << "Admin polygon S2 covering complete (" << data.cell_to_admin.size() << " cells)." << std::endl;

#include <algorithm>
#include <atomic>
#include <chrono>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <cstring>
#include <deque>
#include <future>
#include <iostream>
#include <mutex>
#include <string>
#include <thread>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <vector>

#include <osmium/io/pbf_input.hpp>
#include <osmium/visitor.hpp>
#include <sys/mman.h>

#include <s2/s2cell_id.h>

#include "types.h"
#include "string_pool.h"
#include "geometry.h"
#include "parsed_data.h"
#include "s2_helpers.h"
#include "ring_assembly.h"
#include "relation_collector.h"
#include "interpolation.h"
#include "cache.h"
#include "continent_filter.h"
#include "cell_index.h"

// --- Main ---

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    if (argc < 2) {
        std::cerr << "Usage: build-index <output-dir> <input.osm.pbf> [options]" << std::endl;
        std::cerr << "       build-index <output-dir> --load-cache <path> [options]" << std::endl;
        std::cerr << std::endl;
        std::cerr << "Options:" << std::endl;
        std::cerr << "  --street-level N       S2 cell level for streets (default: 17)" << std::endl;
        std::cerr << "  --admin-level N        S2 cell level for admin (default: 10)" << std::endl;
        std::cerr << "  --max-admin-level N    Only include admin levels <= N" << std::endl;
        std::cerr << "  --save-cache <path>    Save parsed data to cache file" << std::endl;
        std::cerr << "  --load-cache <path>    Load from cache instead of PBF" << std::endl;
        std::cerr << "  --multi-output         Write full, no-addresses, admin-only indexes" << std::endl;
        std::cerr << "  --continents           Also generate per-continent indexes" << std::endl;
        std::cerr << "  --mode <mode>          Index mode: full, no-addresses, admin-only (default: full)" << std::endl;
        std::cerr << "  --admin-only           Shorthand for --mode admin-only" << std::endl;
        std::cerr << "  --no-addresses         Shorthand for --mode no-addresses" << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    std::string output_dir = argv[1];
    std::vector<std::string> input_files;
    std::string save_cache_path;
    std::string load_cache_path;
    bool multi_output = false;
    bool generate_continents = false;
    IndexMode mode = IndexMode::Full;

    for (int i = 2; i < argc; i++) {
        std::string arg = argv[i];
        if (arg == "--street-level" && i + 1 < argc) {
            kStreetCellLevel = std::atoi(argv[++i]);
        } else if (arg == "--admin-level" && i + 1 < argc) {
            kAdminCellLevel = std::atoi(argv[++i]);
        } else if (arg == "--admin-only") {
            mode = IndexMode::AdminOnly;
        } else if (arg == "--no-addresses") {
            mode = IndexMode::NoAddresses;
        } else if (arg == "--max-admin-level" && i + 1 < argc) {
            kMaxAdminLevel = std::atoi(argv[++i]);
        } else if (arg == "--save-cache" && i + 1 < argc) {
            save_cache_path = argv[++i];
        } else if (arg == "--load-cache" && i + 1 < argc) {
            load_cache_path = argv[++i];
        } else if (arg == "--multi-output") {
            multi_output = true;
        } else if (arg == "--continents") {
            generate_continents = true;
        } else if (arg == "--mode" && i + 1 < argc) {
            std::string mode_str = argv[++i];
            if (mode_str == "full") {
                mode = IndexMode::Full;
            } else if (mode_str == "no-addresses") {
                mode = IndexMode::NoAddresses;
            } else if (mode_str == "admin-only") {
                mode = IndexMode::AdminOnly;
            } else {
                std::cerr << "Error: unknown mode '" << mode_str << "'" << std::endl;
                return 1;
            }
        } else {
            input_files.push_back(arg);
        }
    }

    ParsedData data;
    auto _pt = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();

    if (!load_cache_path.empty()) {
        // Load from cache
        if (!deserialize_cache(data, load_cache_path)) {
            std::cerr << "Error: failed to load cache" << std::endl;
            return 1;
        }
    } else {
        // Parse PBF files (always collect everything)
        if (input_files.empty()) {
            std::cerr << "Error: no input files specified and no --load-cache" << std::endl;
            return 1;
        }

        // Create thread pool for concurrent admin polygon S2 covering
        unsigned int num_threads = std::max(1u, std::thread::hardware_concurrency() > 4 ? std::thread::hardware_concurrency() - 4 : 1u);
        std::cerr << "Using " << num_threads << " worker threads." << std::endl;
        AdminCoverPool admin_pool(num_threads);
        // BuildHandler no longer used — parallel processing handles everything

        // Dense array node location index — lockless parallel writes
        // Planet OSM node IDs max ~12.5 billion. 8 bytes per Location = 100GB virtual.
        // MAP_NORESERVE means OS only allocates pages on write (~80GB for 10B nodes).
        static const size_t MAX_NODE_ID = MAX_NODE_ID_DEFAULT;
        struct DenseIndex {
            osmium::Location* data;
            size_t capacity;

            DenseIndex() : capacity(MAX_NODE_ID) {
                void* ptr = mmap(nullptr, capacity * sizeof(osmium::Location),
                    PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_NORESERVE,
                    -1, 0);
                if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
                    std::cerr << "Error: failed to mmap dense node index ("
                              << (capacity * sizeof(osmium::Location) / (1024*1024*1024)) << "GB virtual)" << std::endl;
                    std::exit(1);
                }
                data = static_cast<osmium::Location*>(ptr);
                std::cerr << "Allocated dense node index: " << (capacity * sizeof(osmium::Location) / (1024*1024*1024))
                          << "GB virtual address space" << std::endl;
            }

            ~DenseIndex() {
                munmap(data, capacity * sizeof(osmium::Location));
            }

            // Lockless — each node ID maps to a unique array slot
            void set(osmium::unsigned_object_id_type id, osmium::Location loc) {
                if (id >= capacity) {
                    std::cerr << "FATAL: node ID " << id << " exceeds dense index capacity " << capacity << std::endl;
                    std::exit(1);
                }
                data[id] = loc;
            }

            osmium::Location get(osmium::unsigned_object_id_type id) const {
                if (id >= capacity) return osmium::Location{};
                return data[id];
            }

            void set_batch(const std::vector<std::pair<osmium::unsigned_object_id_type, osmium::Location>>& batch) {
                for (const auto& [id, loc] : batch) {
                    if (id >= capacity) {
                        std::cerr << "FATAL: node ID " << id << " exceeds dense index capacity " << capacity << std::endl;
                        std::exit(1);
                    }
                    data[id] = loc;
                }
            }
        } index;

        for (const auto& input_file : input_files) {
            std::cerr << "Processing " << input_file << "..." << std::endl;

            // --- Pass 1: collect relation members for parallel admin assembly ---
            std::cerr << "  Pass 1: scanning relations..." << std::endl;
            RelationCollector rel_collector(data.collected_relations);

            {
                osmium::io::Reader reader1{input_file, osmium::osm_entity_bits::relation};
                osmium::apply(reader1, rel_collector);
                reader1.close();
            }
            std::cerr << "  Collected " << data.collected_relations.size()
                      << " admin/postal relations for parallel assembly." << std::endl;

            // --- Combined Pass 2+3: nodes then ways in a single PBF read ---
            // PBF guarantees ordering: nodes → ways → relations.
            // We read everything in one pass, processing nodes first, then
            // transitioning to way processing when the first way block arrives.
            log_phase("Pass 1: relation scanning", _pt);

            // Build admin_way_ids BEFORE the combined pass (needed during way processing)
            std::unordered_set<int64_t> admin_way_ids;
            for (const auto& rel : data.collected_relations) {
                for (const auto& [way_id, role] : rel.members) {
                    admin_way_ids.insert(way_id);
                }
            }
            std::cerr << "  Admin assembly needs " << admin_way_ids.size() << " way geometries." << std::endl;

            std::cerr << "  Pass 2+3: processing nodes and ways in single read..." << std::endl;

            {
                // Shared queue infrastructure for both phases
                std::mutex queue_mutex;
                std::condition_variable queue_cv;
                std::deque<osmium::memory::Buffer> block_queue;
                bool reader_done = false;
                const size_t MAX_QUEUE = MAX_BLOCK_QUEUE;

                struct NodeThreadLocal {
                    std::vector<std::pair<double,double>> addr_coords;
                    std::vector<std::pair<std::string,std::string>> addr_strings;
                    uint64_t count = 0;
                };
                std::vector<NodeThreadLocal> ntld(num_threads);
                std::atomic<uint64_t> blocks_done{0};

                // Worker threads
                std::vector<std::thread> node_workers;
                for (unsigned int t = 0; t < num_threads; t++) {
                    node_workers.emplace_back([&, t]() {
                        auto& local = ntld[t];
                        std::vector<std::pair<osmium::unsigned_object_id_type, osmium::Location>> loc_batch;
                        loc_batch.reserve(8192);

                        while (true) {
                            osmium::memory::Buffer block;
                            {
                                std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex);
                                queue_cv.wait(lock, [&]{ return !block_queue.empty() || reader_done; });
                                if (block_queue.empty() && reader_done) break;
                                block = std::move(block_queue.front());
                                block_queue.pop_front();
                            }
                            queue_cv.notify_one(); // wake reader if it was waiting

                            for (const auto& item : block) {
                                if (item.type() == osmium::item_type::node) {
                                    const auto& node = static_cast<const osmium::Node&>(item);
                                    if (!node.location().valid()) continue;
                                    loc_batch.push_back({node.positive_id(), node.location()});

                                    const char* housenumber = node.tags()["addr:housenumber"];
                                    if (housenumber) {
                                        const char* street = node.tags()["addr:street"];
                                        if (street) {
                                            local.addr_coords.push_back({node.location().lat(), node.location().lon()});
                                            local.addr_strings.push_back({housenumber, street});
                                            local.count++;
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }

                            // Flush location batch (sharded index handles its own locking)
                            if (!loc_batch.empty()) {
                                index.set_batch(loc_batch);
                                loc_batch.clear();
                            }

                            uint64_t n = blocks_done.fetch_add(1) + 1;
                            if (n % 1000 == 0) {
                                std::cerr << "  Processed " << n << " node blocks..." << std::endl;
                            }
                        }

                        // Flush remaining
                        if (!loc_batch.empty()) {
                            index.set_batch(loc_batch);
                        }
                    });
                }

                // Single reader for all entity types — processes nodes first,
                // then transitions to way processing when first way block arrives.
                osmium::io::Reader combined_reader{input_file};
                bool nodes_done = false;
                osmium::memory::Buffer first_way_buf; // stash the first way block

                // Phase 1: Feed node blocks to node workers
                while (auto buf = combined_reader.read()) {
                    // Check if this buffer contains nodes or ways/relations
                    bool has_node = false;
                    for (const auto& item : buf) {
                        if (item.type() == osmium::item_type::node) { has_node = true; break; }
                    }

                    if (has_node) {
                        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex);
                        queue_cv.wait(lock, [&]{ return block_queue.size() < MAX_QUEUE; });
                        block_queue.push_back(std::move(buf));
                        queue_cv.notify_one();
                    } else {
                        // First non-node block — stash it and transition
                        first_way_buf = std::move(buf);
                        nodes_done = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                // Signal node workers done
                {
                    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex);
                    reader_done = true;
                }
                queue_cv.notify_all();
                for (auto& w : node_workers) w.join();

                // Merge address points
                uint64_t total_addrs = 0;
                for (auto& local : ntld) {
                    for (size_t j = 0; j < local.addr_coords.size(); j++) {
                        uint64_t dummy = 0;
                        add_addr_point(data, local.addr_coords[j].first, local.addr_coords[j].second,
                                       local.addr_strings[j].first.c_str(),
                                       local.addr_strings[j].second.c_str(), dummy);
                    }
                    total_addrs += local.count;
                }
                std::cerr << "  Node processing complete: " << total_addrs
                          << " address points collected." << std::endl;
                log_phase("Pass 2: node processing", _pt);
                std::cerr << "  Processing ways with " << num_threads << " threads..." << std::endl;

                // --- Phase 2: Way processing using same reader ---

                // Thread-local data for parallel way processing
                struct ThreadLocalData {
                    std::vector<WayHeader> ways;
                    std::vector<NodeCoord> street_nodes;
                    std::vector<DeferredWay> deferred_ways;
                    std::vector<InterpWay> interp_ways;
                    std::vector<NodeCoord> interp_nodes;
                    std::vector<DeferredInterp> deferred_interps;
                    std::vector<AddrPoint> building_addrs;
                    std::vector<std::pair<double, double>> building_addr_coords; // lat,lng for S2 cell
                    std::vector<std::string> way_strings;      // way name strings
                    std::vector<std::pair<std::string,std::string>> addr_strings; // building addr {hn, street}
                    std::vector<std::string> interp_strings;   // interp street name strings
                    uint64_t way_count = 0;
                    uint64_t building_addr_count = 0;
                    uint64_t interp_count = 0;
                    // Way geometries for parallel admin assembly
                    struct WayGeomEntry {
                        int64_t way_id;
                        std::vector<std::pair<double,double>> coords;
                        int64_t first_node_id;
                        int64_t last_node_id;
                    };
                    std::vector<WayGeomEntry> way_geoms;
                    // Closed-way admin polygons (ways with boundary=administrative)
                    struct ClosedWayAdmin {
                        std::vector<std::pair<double,double>> vertices;
                        std::string name;
                        uint8_t admin_level;
                        std::string country_code;
                    };
                    std::vector<ClosedWayAdmin> closed_way_admins;
                };

                // Read buffers and dispatch to thread pool
                // Streaming producer-consumer for way blocks
                std::mutex way_queue_mutex;
                std::condition_variable way_queue_cv;
                std::deque<osmium::memory::Buffer> way_block_queue;
                bool way_reader_done = false;
                const size_t WAY_MAX_QUEUE = MAX_BLOCK_QUEUE;

                std::vector<ThreadLocalData> tld(num_threads);
                std::atomic<uint64_t> way_blocks_done{0};

                std::vector<std::thread> workers;
                for (unsigned int t = 0; t < num_threads; t++) {
                    workers.emplace_back([&, t]() {
                        auto& local = tld[t];
                        while (true) {
                            osmium::memory::Buffer block;
                            {
                                std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(way_queue_mutex);
                                way_queue_cv.wait(lock, [&]{ return !way_block_queue.empty() || way_reader_done; });
                                if (way_block_queue.empty() && way_reader_done) break;
                                block = std::move(way_block_queue.front());
                                way_block_queue.pop_front();
                            }
                            way_queue_cv.notify_one();

                            for (const auto& item : block) {
                                if (item.type() == osmium::item_type::way) {
                                    const auto& way = static_cast<const osmium::Way&>(item);

                                    // Resolve node locations (read-only from shared index)
                                    // We need to check if nodes have valid locations
                                    const auto& wnodes = way.nodes();

                                    // Address interpolation
                                    const char* interpolation = way.tags()["addr:interpolation"];
                                    if (interpolation) {
                                        if (wnodes.size() >= 2) {
                                            bool all_valid = true;
                                            for (const auto& nr : wnodes) {
                                                auto loc = index.get(nr.positive_ref());
                                                if (!loc.valid()) { all_valid = false; break; }
                                            }
                                            if (all_valid) {
                                                const char* street = way.tags()["addr:street"];
                                                if (street) {
                                                    uint32_t interp_id = static_cast<uint32_t>(local.interp_ways.size());
                                                    uint32_t node_offset = static_cast<uint32_t>(local.interp_nodes.size());

                                                    for (const auto& nr : wnodes) {
                                                        auto loc = index.get(nr.positive_ref());
                                                        local.interp_nodes.push_back({
                                                            static_cast<float>(loc.lat()),
                                                            static_cast<float>(loc.lon())
                                                        });
                                                    }

                                                    uint8_t interp_type = 0;
                                                    if (std::strcmp(interpolation, "even") == 0) interp_type = 1;
                                                    else if (std::strcmp(interpolation, "odd") == 0) interp_type = 2;

                                                    InterpWay iw{};
                                                    iw.node_offset = node_offset;
                                                    iw.node_count = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::min(wnodes.size(), size_t(255)));
                                                    iw.street_id = 0; // placeholder, intern later
                                                    iw.start_number = 0;
                                                    iw.end_number = 0;
                                                    iw.interpolation = interp_type;
                                                    local.interp_ways.push_back(iw);
                                                    local.interp_strings.push_back(street);
                                                    local.deferred_interps.push_back({interp_id, node_offset, iw.node_count});
                                                    local.interp_count++;
                                                }
                                            }
                                        }
                                        continue;
                                    }

                                    // Building addresses
                                    const char* housenumber = way.tags()["addr:housenumber"];
                                    if (housenumber) {
                                        const char* street = way.tags()["addr:street"];
                                        if (street && !wnodes.empty()) {
                                            double sum_lat = 0, sum_lng = 0;
                                            int valid = 0;
                                            for (const auto& nr : wnodes) {
                                                auto loc = index.get(nr.positive_ref());
                                                if (loc.valid()) {
                                                    sum_lat += loc.lat();
                                                    sum_lng += loc.lon();
                                                    valid++;
                                                }
                                            }
                                            if (valid > 0) {
                                                // Store coords for later S2 cell computation
                                                local.building_addr_coords.push_back({sum_lat / valid, sum_lng / valid});
                                                // Placeholder addr point — string IDs filled in during merge
                                                local.building_addrs.push_back({
                                                    static_cast<float>(sum_lat / valid),
                                                    static_cast<float>(sum_lng / valid),
                                                    0, 0 // placeholder string IDs
                                                });
                                                // Store strings for later interning
                                                local.addr_strings.push_back({housenumber, street});
                                                local.building_addr_count++;
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }

                                    // Highway ways
                                    const char* highway = way.tags()["highway"];
                                    if (highway && is_included_highway(highway)) {
                                        const char* name = way.tags()["name"];
                                        if (name && wnodes.size() >= 2) {
                                            bool all_valid = true;
                                            for (const auto& nr : wnodes) {
                                                auto loc = index.get(nr.positive_ref());
                                                if (!loc.valid()) { all_valid = false; break; }
                                            }
                                            if (all_valid) {
                                                uint32_t way_id = static_cast<uint32_t>(local.ways.size());
                                                uint32_t node_offset = static_cast<uint32_t>(local.street_nodes.size());

                                                for (const auto& nr : wnodes) {
                                                    auto loc = index.get(nr.positive_ref());
                                                    local.street_nodes.push_back({
                                                        static_cast<float>(loc.lat()),
                                                        static_cast<float>(loc.lon())
                                                    });
                                                }

                                                WayHeader header{};
                                                header.node_offset = node_offset;
                                                header.node_count = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::min(wnodes.size(), size_t(255)));
                                                header.name_id = 0; // placeholder, intern later
                                                local.ways.push_back(header);
                                                local.way_strings.push_back(name);
                                                local.deferred_ways.push_back({way_id, node_offset, header.node_count});
                                                local.way_count++;
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }

                                    // Store way geometry only for admin boundary member ways
                                    if (!wnodes.empty() && admin_way_ids.count(way.id())) {
                                        std::vector<std::pair<double,double>> geom;
                                        for (const auto& nr : wnodes) {
                                            auto loc = index.get(nr.positive_ref());
                                            if (loc.valid()) geom.push_back({loc.lat(), loc.lon()});
                                        }
                                        if (!geom.empty()) {
                                            int64_t first_nid = wnodes.front().positive_ref();
                                            int64_t last_nid = wnodes.back().positive_ref();
                                            local.way_geoms.push_back({way.id(), std::move(geom), first_nid, last_nid});
                                        }
                                    }

                                    // Handle closed ways that are admin boundaries themselves
                                    // Osmium creates areas from closed ways independently of
                                    // multipolygon relations, even if the way is a relation member.
                                    {
                                        const char* boundary = way.tags()["boundary"];
                                        if (boundary) {
                                            bool is_admin = (std::strcmp(boundary, "administrative") == 0);
                                            bool is_postal = (std::strcmp(boundary, "postal_code") == 0);
                                            if ((is_admin || is_postal) && wnodes.size() >= 4 &&
                                                wnodes.front().ref() == wnodes.back().ref()) {
                                                // Closed way forming an admin polygon
                                                uint8_t al = 0;
                                                if (is_admin) {
                                                    const char* level_str = way.tags()["admin_level"];
                                                    if (level_str) al = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::atoi(level_str));
                                                } else {
                                                    al = 11;
                                                }
                                                int max_al = is_postal ? 11 : 10;
                                                if (al >= 2 && al <= max_al && (kMaxAdminLevel == 0 || al <= kMaxAdminLevel)) {
                                                    const char* aname = way.tags()["name"];
                                                    if (!aname && is_admin) continue; // admin needs name
                                                    std::string name_str;
                                                    if (is_postal) {
                                                        const char* pc = way.tags()["postal_code"];
                                                        if (!pc) pc = aname;
                                                        if (!pc) continue; // postal needs postal_code or name
                                                        name_str = pc;
                                                    } else {
                                                        name_str = aname;
                                                    }
                                                    {
                                                        std::vector<std::pair<double,double>> verts;
                                                        bool all_valid = true;
                                                        for (const auto& nr : wnodes) {
                                                            auto loc = index.get(nr.positive_ref());
                                                            if (loc.valid()) {
                                                                verts.push_back({loc.lat(), loc.lon()});
                                                            } else { all_valid = false; break; }
                                                        }
                                                        if (all_valid && verts.size() >= 3) {
                                                            std::string cc;
                                                            if (al == 2) {
                                                                const char* iso = way.tags()["ISO3166-1:alpha2"];
                                                                if (iso) cc = iso;
                                                            }
                                                            local.closed_way_admins.push_back({
                                                                std::move(verts),
                                                                std::move(name_str),
                                                                al, std::move(cc)
                                                            });
                                                        }
                                                    }
                                                }
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }

                            uint64_t done = way_blocks_done.fetch_add(1) + 1;
                            if (done % 1000 == 0) {
                                std::cerr << "  Processed " << done << " way blocks..." << std::endl;
                            }
                        }
                    });
                }

                // Way reader: use the combined_reader (continuing from where nodes left off)
                {
                    // First, push the stashed way buffer
                    if (first_way_buf) {
                        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(way_queue_mutex);
                        way_queue_cv.wait(lock, [&]{ return way_block_queue.size() < WAY_MAX_QUEUE; });
                        way_block_queue.push_back(std::move(first_way_buf));
                        way_queue_cv.notify_one();
                    }
                    // Continue reading remaining blocks from the same reader
                    while (auto buf = combined_reader.read()) {
                        {
                            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(way_queue_mutex);
                            way_queue_cv.wait(lock, [&]{ return way_block_queue.size() < WAY_MAX_QUEUE; });
                            way_block_queue.push_back(std::move(buf));
                        }
                        way_queue_cv.notify_one();
                    }
                    combined_reader.close();
                    {
                        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(way_queue_mutex);
                        way_reader_done = true;
                    }
                    way_queue_cv.notify_all();
                }

                for (auto& w : workers) w.join();
                std::cerr << "  Parallel way processing complete." << std::endl;

                // Process areas/multipolygons — sequential fallback path
                // Merge thread-local way/interp data into main ParsedData
                std::cerr << "  Merging thread-local data..." << std::endl;
                uint64_t total_ways = 0, total_building_addrs = 0, total_interps = 0;
                for (auto& local : tld) {
                    uint32_t way_base = static_cast<uint32_t>(data.ways.size());
                    uint32_t node_base = static_cast<uint32_t>(data.street_nodes.size());
                    uint32_t interp_base = static_cast<uint32_t>(data.interp_ways.size());
                    uint32_t interp_node_base = static_cast<uint32_t>(data.interp_nodes.size());

                    // Merge street ways
                    for (size_t i = 0; i < local.ways.size(); i++) {
                        auto h = local.ways[i];
                        h.node_offset += node_base;
                        h.name_id = data.string_pool.intern(local.way_strings[i]);
                        data.ways.push_back(h);
                    }
                    data.street_nodes.insert(data.street_nodes.end(),
                        local.street_nodes.begin(), local.street_nodes.end());

                    // Remap deferred ways
                    for (auto dw : local.deferred_ways) {
                        dw.way_id += way_base;
                        dw.node_offset += node_base;
                        data.deferred_ways.push_back(dw);
                    }

                    // Merge building addresses
                    for (size_t i = 0; i < local.building_addrs.size(); i++) {
                        uint64_t dummy = 0;
                        add_addr_point(data, local.building_addrs[i].lat, local.building_addrs[i].lng,
                                       local.addr_strings[i].first.c_str(),
                                       local.addr_strings[i].second.c_str(), dummy);
                    }

                    // Merge interpolation ways
                    for (size_t i = 0; i < local.interp_ways.size(); i++) {
                        auto iw = local.interp_ways[i];
                        iw.node_offset += interp_node_base;
                        iw.street_id = data.string_pool.intern(local.interp_strings[i]);
                        data.interp_ways.push_back(iw);
                    }
                    data.interp_nodes.insert(data.interp_nodes.end(),
                        local.interp_nodes.begin(), local.interp_nodes.end());

                    // Remap deferred interps
                    for (auto di : local.deferred_interps) {
                        di.interp_id += interp_base;
                        di.node_offset += interp_node_base;
                        data.deferred_interps.push_back(di);
                    }

                    total_ways += local.way_count;
                    total_building_addrs += local.building_addr_count;
                    total_interps += local.interp_count;

                    // Merge way geometries for admin assembly
                    {
                        for (auto& wg : local.way_geoms) {
                            ParsedData::WayGeometry g;
                            g.coords = std::move(wg.coords);
                            g.first_node_id = wg.first_node_id;
                            g.last_node_id = wg.last_node_id;
                            data.way_geometries[wg.way_id] = std::move(g);
                        }
                        local.way_geoms.clear();
                        local.way_geoms.shrink_to_fit();
                    }
                }
                std::cerr << "  Merged: " << total_ways << " ways, "
                          << total_building_addrs << " building addrs, "
                          << total_interps << " interps from parallel processing." << std::endl;

                // --- Merge closed-way admin polygons ---
                {
                    uint64_t closed_way_admin_count = 0;
                    for (auto& local : tld) {
                        for (auto& cwa : local.closed_way_admins) {
                            const char* cc = cwa.country_code.empty() ? nullptr : cwa.country_code.c_str();
                            add_admin_polygon(data, cwa.vertices, cwa.name.c_str(),
                                              cwa.admin_level, cc, &admin_pool);
                            closed_way_admin_count++;
                        }
                        local.closed_way_admins.clear();
                    }
                    if (closed_way_admin_count > 0) {
                        std::cerr << "  Added " << closed_way_admin_count
                                  << " admin polygons from closed ways." << std::endl;
                    }
                }

                // --- Parallel admin boundary assembly ---
                {
                    log_phase("Pass 2b: way processing", _pt);
                    std::cerr << "  Assembling admin polygons in parallel ("
                              << data.collected_relations.size() << " relations, "
                              << data.way_geometries.size() << " way geometries)..." << std::endl;

                    // Thread-local admin results (to avoid locking add_admin_polygon)
                    struct AdminResult {
                        std::vector<std::pair<double,double>> vertices;
                        std::string name;
                        uint8_t admin_level;
                        std::string country_code;
                    };

                    std::vector<std::vector<AdminResult>> thread_admin_results(num_threads);
                    std::atomic<size_t> rel_idx{0};
                    std::atomic<uint64_t> assembled_count{0};

                    std::vector<std::thread> admin_workers;
                    for (unsigned int t = 0; t < num_threads; t++) {
                        admin_workers.emplace_back([&, t]() {
                            auto& local_results = thread_admin_results[t];
                            while (true) {
                                size_t i = rel_idx.fetch_add(1);
                                if (i >= data.collected_relations.size()) break;

                                const auto& rel = data.collected_relations[i];

                                // Skip level 2 border-line relations — these have names like
                                // "Deutschland - Österreich" (two countries separated by
                                // " - " or " — "). They are boundary lines, not country
                                // polygons, and produce self-intersecting geometry.
                                if (rel.admin_level == 2 && rel.country_code.empty() &&
                                    (rel.name.find(" - ") != std::string::npos ||
                                     rel.name.find(" \xe2\x80\x94 ") != std::string::npos)) { // " — " (em dash)
                                    assembled_count.fetch_add(1);
                                    continue;
                                }

                                // Skip relations with missing member ways —
                                // these cross the extract boundary and would produce
                                // incorrect partial polygons
                                bool has_missing = false;
                                for (const auto& [way_id, role] : rel.members) {
                                    if (data.way_geometries.find(way_id) == data.way_geometries.end()) {
                                        has_missing = true;
                                        break;
                                    }
                                }
                                if (has_missing) {
                                    assembled_count.fetch_add(1);
                                    continue;
                                }

                                auto rings = assemble_outer_rings(rel.members, data.way_geometries);
                                // If outer-only assembly failed, retry with all ways.
                                // Osmium ignores roles during assembly (check_roles=false) —
                                // inner ways sometimes form the boundary or bridge gaps.
                                // Filter retry results: discard rings with duplicate coords
                                // (figure-8 shapes from merging holes with outer boundary).
                                if (rings.empty()) {
                                    auto retry = assemble_outer_rings(rel.members, data.way_geometries, true);
                                    for (auto& ring : retry) {
                                        if (!ring_has_duplicate_coords(ring)) {
                                            rings.push_back(std::move(ring));
                                        }
                                    }
                                }

                                // Diagnostic: log relations with 0 rings produced
                                if (rings.empty() && !rel.members.empty()) {
                                    int total_ways = 0, found = 0, missing = 0;
                                    for (const auto& [way_id, role] : rel.members) {
                                        total_ways++;
                                        auto it = data.way_geometries.find(way_id);
                                        if (it != data.way_geometries.end() && !it->second.coords.empty()) {
                                            found++;
                                        } else {
                                            missing++;
                                        }
                                    }
                                    if (missing == 0 && found > 0) {
                                        std::string detail = "  DEBUG '" + rel.name + "': ways:";
                                        for (const auto& [way_id, role] : rel.members) {
                                            auto it = data.way_geometries.find(way_id);
                                            if (it == data.way_geometries.end()) continue;
                                            detail += " [w" + std::to_string(way_id) +
                                                      " first=" + std::to_string(it->second.first_node_id) +
                                                      " last=" + std::to_string(it->second.last_node_id) +
                                                      " n=" + std::to_string(it->second.coords.size()) + "]";
                                        }
                                        std::cerr << detail << std::endl;
                                    }
                                    std::cerr << "  WARN: relation '" << rel.name
                                              << "' (level " << (int)rel.admin_level
                                              << ", " << rel.members.size() << " members): "
                                              << "0 rings from " << total_ways << " ways ("
                                              << found << " found, " << missing << " missing)" << std::endl;
                                }

                                for (auto& ring : rings) {
                                    if (ring.size() >= 3) {
                                        AdminResult ar;
                                        ar.vertices = std::move(ring);
                                        ar.name = rel.name;
                                        ar.admin_level = rel.admin_level;
                                        ar.country_code = rel.country_code;
                                        local_results.push_back(std::move(ar));
                                    }
                                }

                                uint64_t done = assembled_count.fetch_add(1) + 1;
                                if (done % 10000 == 0) {
                                    std::cerr << "  Assembled " << done / 1000
                                              << "K admin relations..." << std::endl;
                                }
                            }
                        });
                    }
                    for (auto& w : admin_workers) w.join();
                    log_phase("    Admin: ring assembly", _pt);

                    // Merge thread-local admin results into ParsedData (sequential, thread-safe)
                    uint64_t total_admin_rings = 0;
                    for (auto& local_results : thread_admin_results) {
                        for (auto& ar : local_results) {
                            const char* cc = ar.country_code.empty() ? nullptr : ar.country_code.c_str();
                            add_admin_polygon(data, ar.vertices, ar.name.c_str(),
                                              ar.admin_level, cc, &admin_pool);
                            total_admin_rings++;
                        }
                    }
                    std::cerr << "  Parallel admin assembly complete: "
                              << total_admin_rings << " polygon rings from "
                              << data.collected_relations.size() << " relations." << std::endl;
                    log_phase("    Admin: merge + submit S2", _pt);

                    // Free collected data
                    data.collected_relations.clear();
                    data.collected_relations.shrink_to_fit();
                    data.way_geometries.clear();
                    std::unordered_map<int64_t, ParsedData::WayGeometry>().swap(data.way_geometries);
                }
            }
        }

        std::cerr << "Done reading:" << std::endl;
        std::cerr << "  " << data.ways.size() << " street ways" << std::endl;
        std::cerr << "  " << data.addr_points.size() << " address points" << std::endl;
        std::cerr << "  " << data.interp_ways.size() << " interpolation ways" << std::endl;
        std::cerr << "  " << data.admin_polygons.size() << " admin polygon rings" << std::endl;

        // Drain admin polygon thread pool (may still be processing)
        std::cerr << "Waiting for admin polygon S2 covering to complete..." << std::endl;
        auto admin_results = admin_pool.drain();
        for (auto& [cell_id, ids] : admin_results) {
            auto& target = data.cell_to_admin[cell_id];
            target.insert(target.end(), ids.begin(), ids.end());
        }
        std::cerr << "Admin polygon S2 covering complete (" << data.cell_to_admin.size() << " cells)." << std::endl;

        // --- Parallel S2 cell computation for ways and interpolation ---
        {
            log_phase("Admin assembly", _pt);
            std::cerr << "Computing S2 cells for ways with " << num_threads << " threads..." << std::endl;

            // Flat-array approach: threads emit (cell_id, item_id) pairs into
            // thread-local vectors, then we sort globally and group by cell_id.
            // This avoids hash maps entirely — sort is cache-friendly O(n log n).

            struct CellItem { uint64_t cell_id; uint32_t item_id; };

            auto _s2t = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();

            // Process streets: emit (cell_id, way_id) pairs
            std::cerr << "  Processing " << data.deferred_ways.size() << " street ways..." << std::endl;
            std::vector<std::vector<CellItem>> way_pairs(num_threads);
            {
                std::atomic<size_t> way_idx{0};
                std::vector<std::thread> threads;
                for (unsigned int t = 0; t < num_threads; t++) {
                    threads.emplace_back([&, t]() {
                        auto& local = way_pairs[t];
                        local.reserve(data.deferred_ways.size() / num_threads * 3);
                        std::vector<S2CellId> edge_cells;
                        std::vector<uint64_t> way_cells;
                        while (true) {
                            size_t i = way_idx.fetch_add(1);
                            if (i >= data.deferred_ways.size()) break;
                            const auto& dw = data.deferred_ways[i];
                            way_cells.clear();
                            for (uint8_t j = 0; j + 1 < dw.node_count; j++) {
                                const auto& n1 = data.street_nodes[dw.node_offset + j];
                                const auto& n2 = data.street_nodes[dw.node_offset + j + 1];
                                cover_edge(n1.lat, n1.lng, n2.lat, n2.lng, edge_cells);
                                for (const auto& c : edge_cells) way_cells.push_back(c.id());
                            }
                            std::sort(way_cells.begin(), way_cells.end());
                            way_cells.erase(std::unique(way_cells.begin(), way_cells.end()), way_cells.end());
                            for (uint64_t cell_id : way_cells) {
                                local.push_back({cell_id, dw.way_id});
                            }
                        }
                    });
                }
                for (auto& t : threads) t.join();
            }
            log_phase("  S2: street ways (parallel)", _s2t);

            // Process interpolations: emit (cell_id, interp_id) pairs
            std::cerr << "  Processing " << data.deferred_interps.size() << " interpolation ways..." << std::endl;
            std::vector<std::vector<CellItem>> interp_pairs(num_threads);
            {
                std::atomic<size_t> interp_idx{0};
                std::vector<std::thread> threads;
                for (unsigned int t = 0; t < num_threads; t++) {
                    threads.emplace_back([&, t]() {
                        auto& local = interp_pairs[t];
                        std::vector<S2CellId> edge_cells;
                        std::vector<uint64_t> way_cells;
                        while (true) {
                            size_t i = interp_idx.fetch_add(1);
                            if (i >= data.deferred_interps.size()) break;
                            const auto& di = data.deferred_interps[i];
                            way_cells.clear();
                            for (uint8_t j = 0; j + 1 < di.node_count; j++) {
                                const auto& n1 = data.interp_nodes[di.node_offset + j];
                                const auto& n2 = data.interp_nodes[di.node_offset + j + 1];
                                cover_edge(n1.lat, n1.lng, n2.lat, n2.lng, edge_cells);
                                for (const auto& c : edge_cells) way_cells.push_back(c.id());
                            }
                            std::sort(way_cells.begin(), way_cells.end());
                            way_cells.erase(std::unique(way_cells.begin(), way_cells.end()), way_cells.end());
                            for (uint64_t cell_id : way_cells) {
                                local.push_back({cell_id, di.interp_id});
                            }
                        }
                    });
                }
                for (auto& t : threads) t.join();
            }
            log_phase("  S2: interp ways (parallel)", _s2t);

            // Merge thread-local pairs into single vectors, sort, build cell maps
            std::cerr << "  Sorting and grouping cell pairs..." << std::endl;
            // Concatenate + sort helper for flat CellItem pairs
            // Parallel sort each thread's pairs, then k-way merge directly into
            // hash map + sorted output. No intermediate merged vector needed.
            auto parallel_sort_and_build = [](
                std::vector<std::vector<CellItem>>& thread_pairs,
                std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>& cell_map,
                std::vector<CellItemPair>& sorted_out
            ) {
                // Step 1: Convert + sort each thread's data in parallel
                size_t total = 0;
                for (auto& v : thread_pairs) total += v.size();

                std::vector<std::vector<CellItemPair>> chunks(thread_pairs.size());
                {
                    std::vector<std::thread> sort_threads;
                    for (size_t t = 0; t < thread_pairs.size(); t++) {
                        sort_threads.emplace_back([&, t]() {
                            auto& src = thread_pairs[t];
                            auto& dst = chunks[t];
                            dst.reserve(src.size());
                            for (auto& ci : src) dst.push_back({ci.cell_id, ci.item_id});
                            src.clear(); src.shrink_to_fit();
                            std::sort(dst.begin(), dst.end(), [](const CellItemPair& a, const CellItemPair& b) {
                                return a.cell_id < b.cell_id || (a.cell_id == b.cell_id && a.item_id < b.item_id);
                            });
                        });
                    }
                    for (auto& t : sort_threads) t.join();
                }

                // Step 2: Concatenate sorted chunks and merge using parallel tree.
                // Each chunk is already sorted. Record run boundaries, concatenate,
                // then merge adjacent runs pairwise in parallel at each level.
                auto cmp = [](const CellItemPair& a, const CellItemPair& b) {
                    return a.cell_id < b.cell_id || (a.cell_id == b.cell_id && a.item_id < b.item_id);
                };

                // Record run boundaries before concatenation
                std::vector<size_t> run_bounds = {0};
                sorted_out.clear();
                sorted_out.reserve(total);
                for (auto& chunk : chunks) {
                    sorted_out.insert(sorted_out.end(), chunk.begin(), chunk.end());
                    run_bounds.push_back(sorted_out.size());
                    chunk.clear(); chunk.shrink_to_fit();
                }

                // Parallel tree merge: at each level, merge adjacent run pairs in parallel.
                // Level 0: merge runs (0,1), (2,3), ... → N/2 runs
                // Level 1: merge runs (01,23), (45,67), ... → N/4 runs
                // ... until one sorted run remains.
                while (run_bounds.size() > 2) {
                    std::vector<size_t> new_bounds = {0};
                    std::vector<std::thread> merge_threads;
                    for (size_t i = 0; i + 2 < run_bounds.size(); i += 2) {
                        size_t left = run_bounds[i];
                        size_t mid = run_bounds[i + 1];
                        size_t right = run_bounds[i + 2];
                        merge_threads.emplace_back([&, left, mid, right] {
                            std::inplace_merge(sorted_out.begin() + left,
                                               sorted_out.begin() + mid,
                                               sorted_out.begin() + right, cmp);
                        });
                        new_bounds.push_back(right);
                    }
                    // If odd number of runs, carry the last one forward
                    if (run_bounds.size() % 2 == 0) {
                        new_bounds.push_back(run_bounds.back());
                    }
                    for (auto& t : merge_threads) t.join();
                    run_bounds = std::move(new_bounds);
                }

                // Skip building hash map — sorted_out is used directly for writing.
                // cell_map stays empty (only needed for cache/continent modes).
            };

            // Sort each thread's pairs in parallel, then k-way merge directly
            // into hash map + sorted output. No intermediate merged vector.
            auto f_ways = std::async(std::launch::async, [&] {
                parallel_sort_and_build(way_pairs, data.cell_to_ways, data.sorted_way_cells);
            });
            auto f_interps = std::async(std::launch::async, [&] {
                std::vector<CellItemPair> interp_sorted; // not needed for writing
                parallel_sort_and_build(interp_pairs, data.cell_to_interps, interp_sorted);
            });
            f_ways.get();
            f_interps.get();
            log_phase("  S2: sort + group into cell maps", _s2t);

            // Free deferred work items
            data.deferred_ways.clear();
            data.deferred_ways.shrink_to_fit();
            data.deferred_interps.clear();
            data.deferred_interps.shrink_to_fit();

            std::cerr << "S2 cell computation complete." << std::endl;
        }

        // Resolve interpolation endpoints
        std::cerr << "Resolving interpolation endpoints..." << std::endl;
        resolve_interpolation_endpoints(data);

        // Deduplicate + convert to sorted pairs for fast writing
        log_phase("S2 cell computation", _pt);
        std::cerr << "Deduplicating + sorting for write..." << std::endl;
        {
            // Convert addr hash map to sorted pairs.
            // Sort cell IDs only (30M unique), then build pairs in sorted order.
            // Much faster than sorting all 160M pairs.
            auto f2 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&] {
                // Extract and sort unique cell IDs
                std::vector<uint64_t> sorted_cells;
                sorted_cells.reserve(data.cell_to_addrs.size());
                size_t total_pairs = 0;
                for (auto& [cell_id, ids] : data.cell_to_addrs) {
                    sorted_cells.push_back(cell_id);
                    total_pairs += ids.size();
                }
                std::sort(sorted_cells.begin(), sorted_cells.end());

                // Build sorted pairs by iterating sorted cell IDs
                std::vector<CellItemPair> pairs;
                pairs.reserve(total_pairs);
                for (uint64_t cell_id : sorted_cells) {
                    auto& ids = data.cell_to_addrs[cell_id];
                    std::sort(ids.begin(), ids.end()); // sort within cell
                    ids.erase(std::unique(ids.begin(), ids.end()), ids.end());
                    for (auto id : ids) pairs.push_back({cell_id, id});
                }
                data.sorted_addr_cells = std::move(pairs);
            });
            auto f4 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ deduplicate(data.cell_to_admin); });
            f2.get(); f4.get();
        }

        // Save cache if requested
        if (!save_cache_path.empty()) {
            serialize_cache(data, save_cache_path);
        }
    }

    // --- Write index files ---
    log_phase("Deduplication", _pt);
    std::cerr << "Writing index files to " << output_dir << "..." << std::endl;

    if (multi_output) {
        // Write all 3 index modes in parallel (they read shared data, write to separate dirs)
        auto wf1 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ write_index(data, output_dir + "/full", IndexMode::Full); });
        auto wf2 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ write_index(data, output_dir + "/no-addresses", IndexMode::NoAddresses); });
        auto wf3 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ write_index(data, output_dir + "/admin-only", IndexMode::AdminOnly); });
        wf1.get(); wf2.get(); wf3.get();
    } else {
        write_index(data, output_dir, mode);
    }

    if (generate_continents) {
        // Process continents in parallel (each filters independently from shared data)
        std::vector<std::future<void>> continent_futures;
        std::mutex cerr_mutex;
        for (size_t ci = 0; ci < kContinentCount; ci++) {
            const auto& continent = kContinents[ci];
            continent_futures.push_back(std::async(std::launch::async, [&, continent]() {
                {
                    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(cerr_mutex);
                    std::cerr << "Filtering for continent: " << continent.name << "..." << std::endl;
                }
                auto subset = filter_by_bbox(data, continent);
                std::string base = output_dir + "/" + continent.name;
                ensure_dir(base);
                if (multi_output) {
                    // Write modes in parallel within each continent
                    auto cf1 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ write_index(subset, base + "/full", IndexMode::Full); });
                    auto cf2 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ write_index(subset, base + "/no-addresses", IndexMode::NoAddresses); });
                    auto cf3 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ write_index(subset, base + "/admin-only", IndexMode::AdminOnly); });
                    cf1.get(); cf2.get(); cf3.get();
                } else {
                    write_index(subset, base, mode);
                }
                {
                    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(cerr_mutex);
                    std::cerr << "Done continent: " << continent.name << std::endl;
                }
            }));
        }
        for (auto& f : continent_futures) {
            f.get();
        }
    }

    log_phase("Index file writing", _pt);
    std::cerr << "Done." << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

+        log_phase("    Admin: S2 covering drain", _pt);


Also revert LTO since it didn't help:


Edit

# Enable LTO for cross-TU optimization (recovers inlining lost by modular split)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -flto=auto")
set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -flto=auto")


The file /root/traccar-geocoder/builder/CMakeLists.txt has been updated successfully.

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
project(traccar-geocoder-build LANGUAGES CXX)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

# Enable LTO for cross-TU optimization (recovers inlining lost by modular split)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -flto=auto")
set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -flto=auto")

find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
find_package(ZLIB REQUIRED)
find_package(BZip2 REQUIRED)
find_package(EXPAT REQUIRED)
find_package(s2 QUIET)

add_executable(build-index
    src/build_index.cpp
    src/s2_helpers.cpp
    src/ring_assembly.cpp
    src/cache.cpp
    src/continent_filter.cpp
    src/cell_index.cpp
    src/interpolation.cpp
)

if(EXISTS /opt/homebrew/include)
    target_include_directories(build-index PRIVATE /opt/homebrew/include)
endif()

if(s2_FOUND)
    target_link_libraries(build-index PRIVATE
        s2::s2
        ZLIB::ZLIB
        BZip2::BZip2
        EXPAT::EXPAT
        Threads::Threads
    )
else()
    target_include_directories(build-index PRIVATE /usr/include/s2)
    target_link_libraries(build-index PRIVATE
        s2
        ZLIB::ZLIB
        BZip2::BZip2
        EXPAT::EXPAT
        Threads::Threads
    )
endif()

-# Enable LTO for cross-TU optimization (recovers inlining lost by modular split)


Bash

cd /root/traccar-geocoder/builder/build && cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release 2>&1 | tail -2 && make -j$(nproc) 2>&1 | tail -3 && scp build/build-index node3:~/build-index-profiled 2>&1

Build profiled version and send to node 3


Error: Exit code 255
-- Generating done (0.0s)
-- Build files have been written to: /root/traccar-geocoder/builder/build
[ 12%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/build-index.dir/src/build_index.cpp.o
[ 25%] Linking CXX executable build-index
[100%] Built target build-index
scp: stat local "build/build-index": No such file or directory


scp /root/traccar-geocoder/builder/build/build-index node3:~/build-index-profiled 2>&1

Copy profiled binary to node 3


(Bash completed with no output)


ssh node3 "rm -rf ~/test-profiled && mkdir ~/test-profiled && time ~/build-index-profiled ~/test-profiled ~/pbf/planet.osm.pbf 2>&1" 2>&1

Run profiled planet build


Command running in background with ID: b6b3bsm8d. Output is being written to: /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/b6b3bsm8d.output


sleep 600 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/b6b3bsm8d.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|real|user|sys' | tail -25

Wait for profiled build and check sub-phase timings


The user doesn't want to proceed with this tool use. The tool use was rejected (eg. if it was a file edit, the new_string was NOT written to the file). STOP what you are doing and wait for the user to tell you how to proceed.

Note: The user's next message may contain a correction or preference. Pay close attention — if they explain what went wrong or how they'd prefer you to work, consider saving that to memory for future sessions.


[Request interrupted by user for tool use]


What is supposed to be running, right now the box is idle. Always check every 30 seconds so you don't sit around for 10 minutes while nothing is happening


ssh node3 "ps aux | grep build-index | grep -v grep" 2>&1

Check if build is running


Error: Exit code 255
Warning: Permanently added '100.113.88.121' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
Permission denied, please try again.
Permission denied, please try again.
michtest@100.113.88.121: Permission denied (publickey,password).


SSH connection to node 3 dropped. Let me re-establish:


ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no node3 "hostname && ps aux | grep build-index | grep -v grep" 2>&1

Reconnect to node 3


SSH auth is failing — the OIDC/Tailscale token likely expired. Let me check:


Check Tailscale status


100.68.107.4     cc3fcc93b585          zackpollard@    linux    -
100.115.161.111  bigmac                nutgood@        macOS    offline, last seen 2d ago
100.79.151.116   brandons-macbook-pro  bwees@          macOS    offline, last seen 54d ago
100.107.156.50   devins-macbook-pro    onedr0p@        macOS    offline, last seen 3d ago
100.107.247.98   eric                  zackpollard@    linux    -
100.115.203.128  framework             nirokato@       linux    -
100.123.80.73    kvm-bulbasaur         bwees@          linux    -
100.81.60.48     kvm-charmander        bwees@          linux    -
100.102.115.99   kvm-eevee             bwees@          linux    -
100.74.141.95    kvm-flareon           bwees@          linux    -


Find node 3


100.113.88.121   michtest-ng           nutgood@        linux    active; direct 174.95.229.197:41641, tx 38220684 rx 23499240


Node 3 is active. The SSH key auth is the issue. Let me check what SSH config we had:


cat ~/.ssh/config 2>/dev/null | head -20

Check SSH config


Host node3
    HostName 100.113.88.121
    User michtest
    ProxyCommand tailscale nc %h %p
    StrictHostKeyChecking no
    UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null
    ControlMaster auto
    ControlPath /tmp/ssh-mux/node3
    ControlPersist 4h

Host node2a
    HostName 10.10.10.12
    Port 30022
    User root
    ProxyCommand tailscale nc %h %p
    StrictHostKeyChecking no
    UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null


ls -la /tmp/ssh-mux/ 2>/dev/null && ssh -o ControlPath=/tmp/ssh-mux/node3 -O check node3 2>&1

Check SSH multiplexing state


Error: Exit code 255
total 9
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  2 Mar 23 12:26 .
drwxrwxrwt 1 root root 28 Mar 23 12:35 ..
Control socket connect(/tmp/ssh-mux/node3): No such file or directory


The SSH mux socket is gone. Need to re-establish. The OIDC-based SSH likely needs a new key:


Check SSH keys


Exit code 2


# Generate a new SSH key and try to copy it
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 -N "" 2>&1 && cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

Generate SSH key


Generating public/private ed25519 key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_ed25519
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:uUbM/oxVVfzIpId+n4DYZOiAf982LfMMdJZYwCuNQgA root@cc3fcc93b585
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ED25519 256]--+
|     E...   .. ..|
|         .   .o..|
|      . . . o=oo.|
|     . + + =o+* o|
|      . S *.++ + |
|       + = +o.+  |
|        = o .oo..|
|       . = . *oo.|
|        . o . =o |
+----[SHA256]-----+
ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIOfcAdPvycL0MkdLfjbv2ATeOMSGyckFrE6zJoUd3DS6 root@cc3fcc93b585


I can't copy the key without password auth. Let me check if there was a different way we connected before:


<system-reminder>This memory is 2 days old. Memories are point-in-time observations, not live state — claims about code behavior or file:line citations may be outdated. Verify against current code before asserting as fact.</system-reminder>
     1→---
     2→name: node_access
     3→description: SSH access details for build nodes via Tailscale (immich tailnet)
     4→type: reference
     5→---
     6→
     7→All nodes accessed via Tailscale (userspace networking mode, `tailscale nc` proxy).
     8→SSH multiplexing configured in ~/.ssh/config with ControlPath /tmp/ssh-mux/.
     9→
    10→- **Node 3** (michtest-ng): 100.113.88.121, user michtest, password `elon-is-insane`
    11→  - 32 cores, 174GB RAM + 50GB swap, no cgroup
    12→  - /tmp is 79GB tmpfs (RAM-backed) — use ~/ for large files
    13→  - Has PBFs at ~/pbf/ (planet, germany, monaco), old indexes at ~/indexes-old-code/
    14→  - Master connection: `sshpass -p 'elon-is-insane' ssh -M -o ServerAliveInterval=30 node3 "sleep 99999" &`
    15→
    16→- **Node 2a**: 10.10.10.12:30022, user root, OIDC auth via zitadel.internal.immich.cloud
    17→  - 88 physical cores, 251GB physical — cgroup limited to 44 CPUs, 192GB RAM
    18→  - Ephemeral pods — session must be held open or pod is wiped
    19→  - Each new SSH connection requires fresh OIDC device code approval
    20→
    21→- **Node 2b**: 10.10.10.11:30022, user root, same OIDC setup as 2a
    22→  - Same specs as 2a (44c/192GB cgroup)
    23→
    24→**Important**: Nodes 2a/2b can only have ONE open SSH connection at a time. Use SSH multiplexing.
    25→Tailscale requires `--accept-routes` for 10.10.10.x subnet access.
    26→

---
name: node_access
description: SSH access details for build nodes via Tailscale (immich tailnet)
type: reference
---

All nodes accessed via Tailscale (userspace networking mode, `tailscale nc` proxy).
SSH multiplexing configured in ~/.ssh/config with ControlPath /tmp/ssh-mux/.

- **Node 3** (michtest-ng): 100.113.88.121, user michtest, password `elon-is-insane`
  - 32 cores, 174GB RAM + 50GB swap, no cgroup
  - /tmp is 79GB tmpfs (RAM-backed) — use ~/ for large files
  - Has PBFs at ~/pbf/ (planet, germany, monaco), old indexes at ~/indexes-old-code/
  - Master connection: `sshpass -p 'elon-is-insane' ssh -M -o ServerAliveInterval=30 node3 "sleep 99999" &`

- **Node 2a**: 10.10.10.12:30022, user root, OIDC auth via zitadel.internal.immich.cloud
  - 88 physical cores, 251GB physical — cgroup limited to 44 CPUs, 192GB RAM
  - Ephemeral pods — session must be held open or pod is wiped
  - Each new SSH connection requires fresh OIDC device code approval

- **Node 2b**: 10.10.10.11:30022, user root, same OIDC setup as 2a
  - Same specs as 2a (44c/192GB cgroup)

**Important**: Nodes 2a/2b can only have ONE open SSH connection at a time. Use SSH multiplexing.
Tailscale requires `--accept-routes` for 10.10.10.x subnet access.


Right, node 3 uses password auth. Let me reconnect:


which sshpass 2>/dev/null || apt-get install -y sshpass 2>&1 | tail -2

Check/install sshpass


sshpass -p 'elon-is-insane' ssh -M -o ServerAliveInterval=30 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -o ControlPath=/tmp/ssh-mux/node3 -o ControlPersist=4h node3 "sleep 99999" &
sleep 2 && ssh node3 "hostname && ps aux | grep build-index | grep -v grep" 2>&1

Re-establish SSH mux and check status


Error: Exit code 1
Warning: Permanently added '100.113.88.121' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
michtest-ng


Connected. No build-index process running — the profiled build never started or already completed. Let me check:


ssh node3 "ls -la ~/test-profiled/ 2>/dev/null | head -5 && ls ~/build-index-profiled 2>/dev/null" 2>&1

Check if profiled build ran


The output dir is empty — the build never ran (SSH died before it could start). Let me run it now:


ssh node3 "rm -rf ~/test-profiled && mkdir ~/test-profiled && time ~/build-index-profiled ~/test-profiled ~/pbf/planet.osm.pbf 2>&1" 2>&1

Run profiled planet build


Command running in background with ID: bw1ai2hzg. Output is being written to: /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|Processing|Pass' | tail -5

Check after 30s


Processing /home/michtest/pbf/planet.osm.pbf...
  Pass 1: scanning relations...


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[' | tail -5

Check after 60s


[42.6s] Pass 1: relation scanning


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|node blocks' | tail -3

Check after 90s


  Processed 4505000 node blocks...
  Processed 4506000 node blocks...
  Processed 4507000 node blocks...


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[' | tail -5

Check after 120s


Still in node processing.


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[' | tail -5

Check after 150s


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|Node proc' | tail -5

Check after 180s


Create an SSH key on this machine and I will add it to my github account


Show the SSH public key


ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIOfcAdPvycL0MkdLfjbv2ATeOMSGyckFrE6zJoUd3DS6 root@cc3fcc93b585


Here's the public key to add to GitHub:

```
ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIOfcAdPvycL0MkdLfjbv2ATeOMSGyckFrE6zJoUd3DS6 root@cc3fcc93b585
```

The earlier background tasks — the pre-split and LTO planet builds both completed (already reported on), and the profiled build failed because SSH dropped mid-run. I've re-launched it on node 3 and it's currently running through node processing. Let me check on it:


cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|Node proc|Parallel way' | tail -5

Check profiled build progress


Still in node processing. I'll keep monitoring every 30s.


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|Node proc|Parallel way' | tail -5

Check after 30s


  [42.6s] Pass 1: relation scanning
  Node processing complete: 78736755 address points collected.
  [190.3s] Pass 2: node processing


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|Parallel way' | tail -5

Check after 30s


  [42.6s] Pass 1: relation scanning
  [190.3s] Pass 2: node processing


Let me push to GitHub while waiting for the profiled build:


Check git remote


origin	git@github.com:zp-forks/traccar-geocoder.git (fetch)
origin	git@github.com:zp-forks/traccar-geocoder.git (push)


Test GitHub SSH auth


Error: Exit code 1
Hi zackpollard! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.


Authenticated. Let me push all commits, then continue monitoring the profiled build:


git log --oneline origin/main..HEAD | wc -l && git push origin main 2>&1

Push all unpushed commits


58
To github.com:zp-forks/traccar-geocoder.git
   1a25143..368c27a  main -> main


58 commits pushed to GitHub. Now let me check the profiled build:


cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|Parallel way|Parallel admin' | tail -5

Check profiled build


  [42.6s] Pass 1: relation scanning
  [190.3s] Pass 2: node processing
  Parallel way processing complete.


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[' | tail -5

Check after 30s


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|Admin:' | tail -10

Check after 30s


  [42.6s] Pass 1: relation scanning
  [190.3s] Pass 2: node processing
  [128.5s] Pass 2b: way processing
  [2.6s]     Admin: ring assembly


Interesting! Ring assembly itself only took **2.6s**. That means it's not `assemble_outer_rings` that's slow. Let me wait for the next sub-phases:


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|Admin:' | tail -10

Check after 30s


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|Admin:' | tail -10

Check after 30s


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|Admin:|Parallel admin|Waiting|complete' | tail -10

Check after 30s


  [42.6s] Pass 1: relation scanning
  Node processing complete: 78736755 address points collected.
  [190.3s] Pass 2: node processing
  Parallel way processing complete.
  [128.5s] Pass 2b: way processing
  [2.6s]     Admin: ring assembly


Still waiting on the merge+submit phase (calling `add_admin_polygon` 947K times sequentially). That's where the time goes.


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|Admin:' | tail -10

Check after 30s


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|Admin:' | tail -10

Check after 30s


  [42.6s] Pass 1: relation scanning
  [190.3s] Pass 2: node processing
  [128.5s] Pass 2b: way processing
  [2.6s]     Admin: ring assembly
  [174.6s]     Admin: merge + submit S2
  [7.4s]     Admin: S2 covering drain
  [0.5s] Admin assembly


There it is. The breakdown:

| Sub-phase | Time |
|---|---|
| Ring assembly (parallel) | **2.6s** |
| Merge + submit S2 (sequential) | **174.6s** |
| S2 covering drain (wait for pool) | **7.4s** |

The **merge + submit S2** phase at 174.6s is the bottleneck. This calls `add_admin_polygon` 947K times sequentially — each call does ring rotation normalization, `simplify_polygon`, creates the polygon struct, and `admin_pool.submit()`. The pre-split version had this same code inline, so the regression is from the function call overhead of `add_admin_polygon` now being in a separate TU. But 174.6s for 947K calls means ~184μs per polygon — that's dominated by `simplify_polygon`, not call overhead.

Let me wait for the rest:


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|Admin:|S2:|Resolv|Dedup|geo index|string|Done\.|real' | tail -20

Check S2 and remaining phases


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|S2:' | tail -10

Check after 30s


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|S2:' | tail -10

Check after 30s


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|S2:' | tail -10

Check after 30s


  [42.6s] Pass 1: relation scanning
  [190.3s] Pass 2: node processing
  [128.5s] Pass 2b: way processing
  [2.6s]     Admin: ring assembly
  [174.6s]     Admin: merge + submit S2
  [7.4s]     Admin: S2 covering drain
  [0.5s] Admin assembly
  [135.4s]   S2: street ways (parallel)
  [0.0s]   S2: interp ways (parallel)
  [8.8s]   S2: sort + group into cell maps


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|Resolv|Dedup' | tail -10

Check after 30s


  [190.3s] Pass 2: node processing
  [128.5s] Pass 2b: way processing
  [2.6s]     Admin: ring assembly
  [174.6s]     Admin: merge + submit S2
  [7.4s]     Admin: S2 covering drain
  [0.5s] Admin assembly
  [135.4s]   S2: street ways (parallel)
  [0.0s]   S2: interp ways (parallel)
  [8.8s]   S2: sort + group into cell maps
Resolving interpolation endpoints...


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[|Dedup|Writing|geo|admin index|string|Done\.|real' | tail -15

Check after 30s


  [42.6s] Pass 1: relation scanning
  Admin assembly needs 3098512 way geometries.
  [190.3s] Pass 2: node processing
  [128.5s] Pass 2b: way processing
  Assembling admin polygons in parallel (778863 relations, 3098498 way geometries)...
  DEBUG 'Dudgeon-Monroe': ways: [w1221410250 first=6419817291 last=6419817338 n=3] [w1417451441 first=6419817338 last=13025901538 n=9] [w1417451442 first=13025901538 last=13025901537 n=3] [w1221410249 first=13025901537 last=53519646 n=15] [w1013774351 first=53519646 last=53519653 n=17] [w358965960 first=53588599 last=53519653 n=6] [w99760679 first=53595717 last=53588599 n=8] [w99760768 first=1153238753 last=53595717 n=6] [w99760709 first=1153238741 last=1153238753 n=2] [w733749589 first=53462480 last=1153238741 n=2] [w733749590 first=6188998562 last=53462480 n=3] [w733749591 first=6188998552 last=6188998562 n=2] [w358965974 first=53462459 last=6188998552 n=15] [w358965969 first=53635878 last=53462459 n=24] [w99760728 first=53635878 last=2635256484 n=7] [w358965964 first=2635256484 last=4095691191 n=63] [w99760746 first=53689261 last=4095691191 n=2] [w38239302 first=2726180832 last=53689261 n=3] [w6701316 first=3812685627 last=2726180832 n=21] [w6701327 first=3812685629 last=3812685627 n=3] [w6701325 first=3637918464 last=3812685629 n=10] [w636126845 first=13030502567 last=3637918464 n=30] [w319318389 first=2987035532 last=13030502563 n=4] [w358965966 first=1180000915 last=2987035532 n=3] [w878913727 first=1180001005 last=53561156 n=19] [w1418138333 first=13032068160 last=1180001005 n=4] [w1418138332 first=13032068162 last=13032068160 n=6] [w1253650208 first=1180000915 last=13032068162 n=2] [w326365653 first=53561156 last=6419817291 n=35]
  WARN: relation 'Dudgeon-Monroe' (level 10, 29 members): 0 rings from 29 ways (29 found, 0 missing)
  [2.6s]     Admin: ring assembly
  [174.6s]     Admin: merge + submit S2
  [7.4s]     Admin: S2 covering drain
  [0.5s] Admin assembly
  [135.4s]   S2: street ways (parallel)
  [0.0s]   S2: interp ways (parallel)
  [8.8s]   S2: sort + group into cell maps


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^\s+\[.*S2 cell|Dedup|Write|geo index|admin index|string|Done\.|real|user|sys' | tail -15

Check after 30s


(Bash completed with no output)


cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | tail -10

Check tail of output


  [135.4s]   S2: street ways (parallel)
  Processing 72817 interpolation ways...
  [0.0s]   S2: interp ways (parallel)
  Sorting and grouping cell pairs...
  [8.8s]   S2: sort + group into cell maps
S2 cell computation complete.
Resolving interpolation endpoints...
Resolved 41798/72817 interpolation ways
  [253.2s] S2 cell computation
Deduplicating + sorting for write...


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | tail -10

Check after 30s


sleep 30 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | tail -10

Check after 30s


  [54.0s] Deduplication
Writing index files to /home/michtest/test-profiled...
  [4.6s]   Write: entry files
geo index: 322462066 cells (47826371 ways, 160091817 addrs, 72817 interps)
  [2.8s]   Write: geo_cells.bin
  [0.0s]   Write: parallel data files launched
strings.bin: 214552491 bytes
admin index: 2049797 cells, 947358 polygons
  [8.8s] Index file writing
Done.


sleep 5 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E 'real|user|sys'

Get final timing


sleep 10 && cat /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output 2>/dev/null | tail -5

Get timing


Done.

real	14m55.238s
user	163m51.186s
sys	16m34.216s


Here's the full profiled breakdown:

| Phase | Time |
|---|---|
| Pass 1: relation scan | 42.6s |
| Pass 2: nodes | 190.3s |
| Pass 2b: ways | 128.5s |
| **Admin: ring assembly** | **2.6s** |
| **Admin: merge + submit S2** | **174.6s** |
| **Admin: S2 covering drain** | **7.4s** |
| Admin total (for `log_phase`) | 0.5s (residual) |
| S2 street ways | 135.4s |
| S2 sort+group | 8.8s |
| S2 total | 253.2s |
| Deduplication | 54.0s |
| Index writing | 8.8s |
| **Total** | **14m55s** |

The smoking gun is clear: **"merge + submit S2" takes 174.6s** — this is the sequential loop calling `add_admin_polygon` 947K times. Each call does:
1. Ring rotation normalization
2. `simplify_polygon` (Douglas-Peucker with binary search)
3. Build AdminPolygon struct + vertices
4. `admin_pool.submit()` (push to thread pool)

In the pre-split version this was 161s total for the entire admin phase. The merge+submit alone is now 174.6s. This is a sequential bottleneck that's worth parallelizing — the ring simplification work per polygon is independent.


<task-notification>
<task-id>bw1ai2hzg</task-id>
<tool-use-id>toolu_01XCb6iETfstPraVREAWrjYy</tool-use-id>
<output-file>/tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output</output-file>
<status>completed</status>
<summary>Background command "Run profiled planet build" completed (exit code 0)</summary>
</task-notification>
Read the output file to retrieve the result: /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/bw1ai2hzg.output


Already covered above. The key finding: the 174.6s "merge + submit S2" sequential loop is the bottleneck. Let me parallelize it — each `add_admin_polygon` call is independent:


   829→                    for (auto& w : admin_workers) w.join();
   830→                    log_phase("    Admin: ring assembly", _pt);
   831→
   832→                    // Merge thread-local admin results into ParsedData (sequential, thread-safe)
   833→                    uint64_t total_admin_rings = 0;
   834→                    for (auto& local_results : thread_admin_results) {
   835→                        for (auto& ar : local_results) {
   836→                            const char* cc = ar.country_code.empty() ? nullptr : ar.country_code.c_str();
   837→                            add_admin_polygon(data, ar.vertices, ar.name.c_str(),
   838→                                              ar.admin_level, cc, &admin_pool);
   839→                            total_admin_rings++;
   840→                        }
   841→                    }
   842→                    std::cerr << "  Parallel admin assembly complete: "
   843→                              << total_admin_rings << " polygon rings from "
   844→                              << data.collected_relations.size() << " relations." << std::endl;
   845→                    log_phase("    Admin: merge + submit S2", _pt);
   846→
   847→                    // Free collected data
   848→                    data.collected_relations.clear();
   849→                    data.collected_relations.shrink_to_fit();
   850→                    data.way_geometries.clear();
   851→                    std::unordered_map<int64_t, ParsedData::WayGeometry>().swap(data.way_geometries);
   852→                }
   853→            }

                    for (auto& w : admin_workers) w.join();
                    log_phase("    Admin: ring assembly", _pt);

                    // Merge thread-local admin results into ParsedData (sequential, thread-safe)
                    uint64_t total_admin_rings = 0;
                    for (auto& local_results : thread_admin_results) {
                        for (auto& ar : local_results) {
                            const char* cc = ar.country_code.empty() ? nullptr : ar.country_code.c_str();
                            add_admin_polygon(data, ar.vertices, ar.name.c_str(),
                                              ar.admin_level, cc, &admin_pool);
                            total_admin_rings++;
                        }
                    }
                    std::cerr << "  Parallel admin assembly complete: "
                              << total_admin_rings << " polygon rings from "
                              << data.collected_relations.size() << " relations." << std::endl;
                    log_phase("    Admin: merge + submit S2", _pt);

                    // Free collected data
                    data.collected_relations.clear();
                    data.collected_relations.shrink_to_fit();
                    data.way_geometries.clear();
                    std::unordered_map<int64_t, ParsedData::WayGeometry>().swap(data.way_geometries);
                }
            }


The problem is `add_admin_polygon` modifies shared state (`data.admin_polygons`, `data.admin_vertices`, `data.string_pool`) so it can't be called in parallel directly. But I can separate the expensive work (simplification) from the cheap work (appending to vectors). Let me read `add_admin_polygon`:


   226→void add_addr_point(ParsedData& data, double lat, double lng,
   227→                    const char* housenumber, const char* street,
   228→                    uint64_t& addr_count_total) {
   229→    uint32_t addr_id = static_cast<uint32_t>(data.addr_points.size());
   230→    data.addr_points.push_back({
   231→        static_cast<float>(lat),
   232→        static_cast<float>(lng),
   233→        data.string_pool.intern(housenumber),
   234→        data.string_pool.intern(street)
   235→    });
   236→
   237→    S2CellId cell = point_to_cell(lat, lng);
   238→    data.cell_to_addrs[cell.id()].push_back(addr_id);
   239→
   240→    addr_count_total++;
   241→    if (addr_count_total % 1000000 == 0) {
   242→        std::cerr << "Collected " << addr_count_total / 1000000 << "M addresses..." << std::endl;
   243→    }
   244→}
   245→
   246→// --- add_admin_polygon ---
   247→
   248→void add_admin_polygon(ParsedData& data,
   249→                       const std::vector<std::pair<double,double>>& vertices_in,
   250→                       const char* name, uint8_t admin_level,
   251→                       const char* country_code,
   252→                       AdminCoverPool* admin_pool) {
   253→    auto vertices = vertices_in;
   254→    if (vertices.size() >= 4 &&
   255→        std::fabs(vertices.front().first - vertices.back().first) < 1e-7 &&
   256→        std::fabs(vertices.front().second - vertices.back().second) < 1e-7) {
   257→        vertices.pop_back();
   258→        auto min_it = std::min_element(vertices.begin(), vertices.end());
   259→        std::rotate(vertices.begin(), min_it, vertices.end());
   260→        vertices.push_back(vertices.front());
   261→    }
   262→
   263→    auto simplified = simplify_polygon(vertices);
   264→    if (simplified.size() < 3) return;
   265→
   266→    uint32_t poly_id = static_cast<uint32_t>(data.admin_polygons.size());
   267→    uint32_t vertex_offset = static_cast<uint32_t>(data.admin_vertices.size());
   268→
   269→    for (const auto& [lat, lng] : simplified) {
   270→        data.admin_vertices.push_back({static_cast<float>(lat), static_cast<float>(lng)});
   271→    }
   272→
   273→    AdminPolygon poly{};
   274→    poly.vertex_offset = vertex_offset;
   275→    poly.vertex_count = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(simplified.size(), size_t(MAX_VERTEX_COUNT)));

void add_addr_point(ParsedData& data, double lat, double lng,
                    const char* housenumber, const char* street,
                    uint64_t& addr_count_total) {
    uint32_t addr_id = static_cast<uint32_t>(data.addr_points.size());
    data.addr_points.push_back({
        static_cast<float>(lat),
        static_cast<float>(lng),
        data.string_pool.intern(housenumber),
        data.string_pool.intern(street)
    });

    S2CellId cell = point_to_cell(lat, lng);
    data.cell_to_addrs[cell.id()].push_back(addr_id);

    addr_count_total++;
    if (addr_count_total % 1000000 == 0) {
        std::cerr << "Collected " << addr_count_total / 1000000 << "M addresses..." << std::endl;
    }
}

// --- add_admin_polygon ---

void add_admin_polygon(ParsedData& data,
                       const std::vector<std::pair<double,double>>& vertices_in,
                       const char* name, uint8_t admin_level,
                       const char* country_code,
                       AdminCoverPool* admin_pool) {
    auto vertices = vertices_in;
    if (vertices.size() >= 4 &&
        std::fabs(vertices.front().first - vertices.back().first) < 1e-7 &&
        std::fabs(vertices.front().second - vertices.back().second) < 1e-7) {
        vertices.pop_back();
        auto min_it = std::min_element(vertices.begin(), vertices.end());
        std::rotate(vertices.begin(), min_it, vertices.end());
        vertices.push_back(vertices.front());
    }

    auto simplified = simplify_polygon(vertices);
    if (simplified.size() < 3) return;

    uint32_t poly_id = static_cast<uint32_t>(data.admin_polygons.size());
    uint32_t vertex_offset = static_cast<uint32_t>(data.admin_vertices.size());

    for (const auto& [lat, lng] : simplified) {
        data.admin_vertices.push_back({static_cast<float>(lat), static_cast<float>(lng)});
    }

    AdminPolygon poly{};
    poly.vertex_offset = vertex_offset;
    poly.vertex_count = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(simplified.size(), size_t(MAX_VERTEX_COUNT)));


The strategy: do the expensive work (normalize + simplify + compute area) in parallel across threads, collect the results, then do the cheap sequential append. Let me rewrite the merge section: