Bash

git add builder/src/build_index.cpp && git commit --amend --no-edit 2>&1 | tail -1 && cat builder/src/build_index.cpp | ssh node3 "cat > /tmp/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp" && ssh node3 "cd /tmp/traccar-geocoder/builder/build && make -j\$(nproc) 2>&1 | tail -3" 2>&1

Fix, amend, rebuild


 1 file changed, 156 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)
      |           ^~~~~~~~
[100%] Linking CXX executable build-index
[100%] Built target build-index


Built. Let me test Germany then immediately go to planet.


ssh node3 "rm -rf /tmp/de-seg3 && mkdir -p /tmp/de-seg3 && /tmp/traccar-geocoder/builder/build/build-index /tmp/de-seg3 ~/pbf/germany.osm.pbf --parallel-admin 2>&1 | grep -E 'polygon|Done|TIMER'" 2>&1

Germany test with timers


  Added 37 admin polygons from closed ways.
  Assembling admin polygons in parallel (40080 relations, 112858 way geometries)...
  Parallel admin assembly complete: 43187 polygon rings from 40080 relations.
Done reading:
  43224 admin polygon rings
Waiting for admin polygon S2 covering to complete...
Admin polygon S2 covering complete (6103 cells).
admin index: 6103 cells, 43224 polygons
Done.


Timers didn't show — the PHASE_LOG output might be getting filtered by the grep. Let me check the full log.


ssh node3 "/tmp/traccar-geocoder/builder/build/build-index /tmp/de-seg3 ~/pbf/germany.osm.pbf --parallel-admin 2>&1 | grep TIMER" 2>&1

Check timer output


Exit code 1


No TIMER output. The log_elapsed format uses `[Xs]` not `TIMER`. Let me check:


ssh node3 "rm -rf /tmp/de-seg3 && /tmp/traccar-geocoder/builder/build/build-index /tmp/de-seg3 ~/pbf/germany.osm.pbf --parallel-admin 2>&1 | grep -E '\\[.*s\\]'" 2>&1

Check timer output with correct pattern


  [1.9s] Pass 1: relation scanning
  [17.9s] Pass 2: node processing
  [13.3s] Pass 3: way processing + merge
  [8.9s] Admin assembly
  [29.2s] S2 cell computation
  [3.0s] Deduplication
  [13.1s] Index file writing


Phase timings for Germany:
- Pass 1 (relations): **1.9s**
- Pass 2 (nodes): **17.9s**
- Pass 3 (ways): **13.3s**
- Admin assembly: **8.9s**
- S2 cells: **29.2s**
- Dedup: **3.0s**
- Writing: **13.1s**
- **Total: ~87s**

Good — no stalling. Now planet:


ssh node3 "rm -rf ~/planet-seg3 && mkdir -p ~/planet-seg3 && nohup /tmp/traccar-geocoder/builder/build/build-index ~/planet-seg3 ~/pbf/planet.osm.pbf --parallel-admin > ~/planet-seg3.log 2>&1 & echo started" 2>&1

Start planet with find_candidates + timers


Command running in background with ID: b1f8jarnx. Output is being written to: /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/b1f8jarnx.output


sleep 120 && ssh node3 "grep -E 'Assembled|Parallel admin|\\[.*s\\]|polygon|Done' ~/planet-seg3.log | tail -5" 2>&1

Check after 2 min


[47.8s] Pass 1: relation scanning


sleep 180 && ssh node3 "grep -E '\\[.*s\\]|Assembled 77|Parallel admin|polygon|Done' ~/planet-seg3.log | tail -5" 2>&1

Check after 3 min


  [47.8s] Pass 1: relation scanning
  [174.4s] Pass 2: node processing


sleep 300 && ssh node3 "grep -E '\\[.*s\\]|Assembled 77|Parallel admin|polygon|Done' ~/planet-seg3.log | tail -5" 2>&1

Check after 5 min


Done reading:
  946623 admin polygon rings
Waiting for admin polygon S2 covering to complete...
Admin polygon S2 covering complete (2049797 cells).
  [158.7s] Admin assembly


**Admin assembly done in 158.7s** (2.6 min) — no stalling! 946,623 admin polygons. In S2 computation now.


sleep 300 && ssh node3 "grep -E '\\[.*s\\]' ~/planet-seg3.log" 2>&1

Check after 5 min


  [47.8s] Pass 1: relation scanning
  [174.4s] Pass 2: node processing
  [149.0s] Pass 3: way processing + merge
  [158.7s] Admin assembly


sleep 300 && ssh node3 "grep -E '\\[.*s\\]' ~/planet-seg3.log; tail -3 ~/planet-seg3.log" 2>&1

Check after 5 more min


  [47.8s] Pass 1: relation scanning
  [174.4s] Pass 2: node processing
  [149.0s] Pass 3: way processing + merge
  [158.7s] Admin assembly
  Processing 72817 interpolation ways...
  Interpolation ways done.
  Merging thread-local results...


sleep 300 && ssh node3 "grep -E '\\[.*s\\]' ~/planet-seg3.log; tail -3 ~/planet-seg3.log" 2>&1

Check after 5 more min


  [47.8s] Pass 1: relation scanning
  [174.4s] Pass 2: node processing
  [149.0s] Pass 3: way processing + merge
  [158.7s] Admin assembly
  [1016.1s] S2 cell computation
Resolved 41798/72817 interpolation ways
  [1016.1s] S2 cell computation
Deduplicating...


S2 took 1016s (17 min). Now in dedup.


sleep 120 && ssh node3 "grep -E '\\[.*s\\]' ~/planet-seg3.log; tail -2 ~/planet-seg3.log" 2>&1

Check after 2 min


  [47.8s] Pass 1: relation scanning
  [174.4s] Pass 2: node processing
  [149.0s] Pass 3: way processing + merge
  [158.7s] Admin assembly
  [1016.1s] S2 cell computation
  [94.9s] Deduplication
  [94.9s] Deduplication
Writing index files to /home/michtest/planet-seg3...


Dedup done in 95s. Now writing.


sleep 120 && ssh node3 "ls ~/planet-seg3/ | wc -l; ls -lh ~/planet-seg3/geo_cells.bin 2>/dev/null" 2>&1

Check write progress


Exit code 2
0


sleep 120 && ssh node3 "ls ~/planet-seg3/ | wc -l; tail -3 ~/planet-seg3.log" 2>&1

Check after 2 min


3
Deduplicating...
  [94.9s] Deduplication
Writing index files to /home/michtest/planet-seg3...


sleep 300 && ssh node3 "ls ~/planet-seg3/ | wc -l; tail -3 ~/planet-seg3.log" 2>&1

Check after 5 min


4
Deduplicating...
  [94.9s] Deduplication
Writing index files to /home/michtest/planet-seg3...


sleep 300 && ssh node3 "ls ~/planet-seg3/ | wc -l; tail -5 ~/planet-seg3.log" 2>&1

Check after 5 more min


14
geo index: 332179129 cells (47826371 ways, 160091817 addrs, 72817 interps)
strings.bin: 214550672 bytes
admin index: 2049797 cells, 946623 polygons
  [853.9s] Index file writing
Done.


**Planet build complete!** Phase timings:

| Phase | Time |
|---|---|
| Pass 1: relation scanning | 47.8s |
| Pass 2: node processing | 174.4s |
| Pass 3: way processing + merge | 149.0s |
| Admin assembly | 158.7s |
| S2 cell computation | 1016.1s |
| Deduplication | 94.9s |
| Index file writing | 853.9s |
| **Total** | **~41 min** |

Now the critical comparison:


ssh node3 "/tmp/dedup_compare ~/planet-seg3 ~/planet-baseline" 2>&1

Planet comparison — segment assembler with find_candidates


A (/home/michtest/planet-seg3): 644720 unique name|level
B (/home/michtest/planet-baseline): 642275 unique name|level
Both: 642212  Only_A: 2508  Only_B: 63

Only in B (MISSING from A):
  740|11
  ATE II|10
  Alta Mira|10
  Alto Los Cardales|8
  Alto Miéres|9
  Anisacate Centro|9
  Antonio Palacios|10
  Argyle Street|10
  Barri Santa Rosa|10
  Barrio Benitez|10
  Barrio CO.VI.MET V|9
  Barrio Escuelita|10
  Barrio Fuerza Segura I|9
  Barrio General Mosconi|10
  Barrio Los Paraísos|9
  Barrio Manuel Belgrano|9
  Barrio Nueva Esperanza I|10
  Barrio Payeska|10
  Barrio Praderas del Trapiche|9
  Barrio Privado San Alfonso|10
  Barrio Sacachista|10
  Barrio Santa Clara Norte|9
  Barrio Urbanización Nueman|10
  Barrio Veinticinco de Mayo|10
  Barrio Villa Teresa I|9
  COVIMER 2|10
  Confederation Sector|9
  Conjunto Habitacional Sotero Inácio Ramos|10
  Culianin|10
  Curapaytí|9
  Dundonald|10
  FOPROVI|10
  Hiekkapohja|10
  Jardim Mônaco (proposto)|10
  La Belisa|9
  Laajaranta|10
  Lakewood Sector|9
  Las Vueltas|10
  Lomas del Cedrón|10
  Mangaung Ward 39|10
  Mangaung Ward 40|10
  Mangaung Ward 43|10
  Mały Potok|9
  Mühlbachl|10
  North Industrial|10
  North West Development Area|10
  Nyrölä|10
  Parque Jhonston|9
  Pontcanna|10
  Pringles|9
  RT 002 RW 015 Kel. Mekarjaya|10
  Residencial Melville|10
  Rincón Rodríguez|10
  Roca 1|9
  Rukun Tetangga 001|10
  Tres Esquinas|9
  University Heights Sector|9
  Vale Pastoril|10
  Valle del Pil Pil|10
  Villa Club|9
  向阳村|9
  水口村|10
  汤庄村|10

Only in A: 2508 items (not listed)


Still 63 missing — the `find_candidates` didn't help. The issue is that the 63 are not from open ring joining failures — they're from the segment tracing phase itself. The segment tracing makes wrong choices at split locations, consuming segments needed by other rings.

The main branch's greedy way-level stitcher only has 10 missing because it operates on whole ways (fewer branch points). The segment approach creates MORE branch points (every shared coordinate is a split), leading to more wrong choices even with area-based joining.

**The segment approach at planet scale: 63 missing. The way-level greedy on main: 10 missing.** The way-level approach is definitively better.


git checkout main && echo "Back on main — 10 missing is our best result"

Back to main


Switched to branch 'main'
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/main' by 28 commits.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
Back on main — 10 missing is our best result


**Final conclusion**: The way-level greedy+backtracking on `main` with 10 missing (99.998%) is our best result. The osmium-style segment approach consistently produces 63 missing because segment-level splitting creates too many branch points. Osmium handles this with its full ProtoRing infrastructure, inner/outer containment testing, and the specific way its assembler processes segments — which is deeply integrated with osmium's object model and can't be easily replicated without using osmium's library directly.

The 10 missing boundaries are small level 8-10 subdivisions in Argentina/Peru/Brazil/Indonesia with zero impact on reverse geocoding. Every unique admin boundary on Europe and Germany is present.


<task-notification>
<task-id>b1f8jarnx</task-id>
<tool-use-id>toolu_011pw6WZedJvY7KqG4r7oEXR</tool-use-id>
<output-file>/tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/b1f8jarnx.output</output-file>
<status>completed</status>
<summary>Background command "Start planet with find_candidates + timers" completed (exit code 0)</summary>
</task-notification>
Read the output file to retrieve the result: /tmp/claude-0/-root-traccar-geocoder/af1c4baa-0f9a-4420-a8b3-ce20dc28c8b9/tasks/b1f8jarnx.output


All done. We're on `main` with 28 commits, 10 missing out of 642,275 planet-scale admin boundaries. The osmium segment branch is preserved but confirmed worse (63 missing).

Ready for your next direction — push the commits, run more tests, or move on to other tasks.


Why does index file writing take so long and what can we do to improve that section?


grep -n 'write_entries\|write_cell_index\|geo_cells\|sorted_geo_cells' /root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp | head -20

Find write-related code


1685:static std::unordered_map<uint64_t, uint32_t> write_entries(
1705:static void write_cell_index(
1745:        std::vector<uint64_t> sorted_geo_cells;
1747:            std::unordered_set<uint64_t> all_geo_cells;
1748:            all_geo_cells.reserve(data.cell_to_ways.size() + data.cell_to_addrs.size());
1749:            for (const auto& [id, _] : data.cell_to_ways) all_geo_cells.insert(id);
1751:                for (const auto& [id, _] : data.cell_to_addrs) all_geo_cells.insert(id);
1752:                for (const auto& [id, _] : data.cell_to_interps) all_geo_cells.insert(id);
1754:            sorted_geo_cells.assign(all_geo_cells.begin(), all_geo_cells.end());
1755:            std::sort(sorted_geo_cells.begin(), sorted_geo_cells.end());
1762:                return write_entries(output_dir + "/street_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.cell_to_ways);
1766:                    return write_entries(output_dir + "/addr_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.cell_to_addrs);
1769:                    return write_entries(output_dir + "/interp_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.cell_to_interps);
1778:            std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/geo_cells.bin", std::ios::binary);
1779:            for (uint64_t cell_id : sorted_geo_cells) {
1792:        std::cerr << "geo index: " << sorted_geo_cells.size() << " cells ("
1800:        write_cell_index(output_dir + "/admin_cells.bin", output_dir + "/admin_entries.bin", data.cell_to_admin);


  1685→static std::unordered_map<uint64_t, uint32_t> write_entries(
  1686→    const std::string& path,
  1687→    const std::vector<uint64_t>& sorted_cells,
  1688→    const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>& cell_map
  1689→) {
  1690→    std::unordered_map<uint64_t, uint32_t> offsets;
  1691→    std::ofstream f(path, std::ios::binary);
  1692→    uint32_t current = 0;
  1693→    for (uint64_t cell_id : sorted_cells) {
  1694→        auto it = cell_map.find(cell_id);
  1695→        if (it == cell_map.end()) continue;
  1696→        offsets[cell_id] = current;
  1697→        uint16_t count = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(it->second.size(), size_t(65535)));
  1698→        f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&count), sizeof(count));
  1699→        f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(it->second.data()), it->second.size() * sizeof(uint32_t));
  1700→        current += sizeof(uint16_t) + it->second.size() * sizeof(uint32_t);
  1701→    }
  1702→    return offsets;
  1703→}
  1704→
  1705→static void write_cell_index(
  1706→    const std::string& cells_path,
  1707→    const std::string& entries_path,
  1708→    const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>& cell_map
  1709→) {
  1710→    std::vector<std::pair<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>> sorted(
  1711→        cell_map.begin(), cell_map.end());
  1712→    std::sort(sorted.begin(), sorted.end());
  1713→
  1714→    {
  1715→        std::ofstream f(cells_path, std::ios::binary);
  1716→        uint32_t current_offset = 0;
  1717→        for (const auto& [cell_id, ids] : sorted) {
  1718→            f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&cell_id), sizeof(cell_id));
  1719→            f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&current_offset), sizeof(current_offset));
  1720→            current_offset += sizeof(uint16_t) + ids.size() * sizeof(uint32_t);
  1721→        }
  1722→    }
  1723→
  1724→    {
  1725→        std::ofstream f(entries_path, std::ios::binary);
  1726→        for (const auto& [cell_id, ids] : sorted) {
  1727→            uint16_t count = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(ids.size(), size_t(65535)));
  1728→            f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&count), sizeof(count));
  1729→            f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ids.data()), ids.size() * sizeof(uint32_t));
  1730→        }
  1731→    }
  1732→}
  1733→
  1734→// --- Write all index files ---
  1735→
  1736→static void write_index(const ParsedData& data, const std::string& output_dir, IndexMode mode) {
  1737→    ensure_dir(output_dir);
  1738→
  1739→    bool write_streets = (mode != IndexMode::AdminOnly);
  1740→    bool write_addresses = (mode == IndexMode::Full);
  1741→
  1742→    if (write_streets) {
  1743→        // Merged geo cell index for streets, addresses, and interpolation
  1744→        // Use sorted vector instead of std::set for faster construction
  1745→        std::vector<uint64_t> sorted_geo_cells;
  1746→        {
  1747→            std::unordered_set<uint64_t> all_geo_cells;
  1748→            all_geo_cells.reserve(data.cell_to_ways.size() + data.cell_to_addrs.size());
  1749→            for (const auto& [id, _] : data.cell_to_ways) all_geo_cells.insert(id);
  1750→            if (write_addresses) {
  1751→                for (const auto& [id, _] : data.cell_to_addrs) all_geo_cells.insert(id);
  1752→                for (const auto& [id, _] : data.cell_to_interps) all_geo_cells.insert(id);
  1753→            }
  1754→            sorted_geo_cells.assign(all_geo_cells.begin(), all_geo_cells.end());
  1755→            std::sort(sorted_geo_cells.begin(), sorted_geo_cells.end());
  1756→        }
  1757→
  1758→        // Write entry files in parallel
  1759→        std::unordered_map<uint64_t, uint32_t> street_offsets, addr_offsets, interp_offsets;
  1760→        {
  1761→            auto f1 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]() {
  1762→                return write_entries(output_dir + "/street_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.cell_to_ways);
  1763→            });
  1764→            if (write_addresses) {
  1765→                auto f2 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]() {
  1766→                    return write_entries(output_dir + "/addr_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.cell_to_addrs);
  1767→                });
  1768→                auto f3 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]() {
  1769→                    return write_entries(output_dir + "/interp_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.cell_to_interps);
  1770→                });
  1771→                addr_offsets = f2.get();
  1772→                interp_offsets = f3.get();
  1773→            }
  1774→            street_offsets = f1.get();
  1775→        }
  1776→
  1777→        {
  1778→            std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/geo_cells.bin", std::ios::binary);
  1779→            for (uint64_t cell_id : sorted_geo_cells) {
  1780→                f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&cell_id), sizeof(cell_id));
  1781→                auto write_offset = [&](const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, uint32_t>& offsets) {
  1782→                    auto it = offsets.find(cell_id);
  1783→                    uint32_t offset = (it != offsets.end()) ? it->second : NO_DATA;
  1784→                    f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&offset), sizeof(offset));
  1785→                };
  1786→                write_offset(street_offsets);
  1787→                write_offset(addr_offsets);
  1788→                write_offset(interp_offsets);
  1789→            }
  1790→        }
  1791→
  1792→        std::cerr << "geo index: " << sorted_geo_cells.size() << " cells ("
  1793→                  << data.ways.size() << " ways, "
  1794→                  << data.addr_points.size() << " addrs, "
  1795→                  << data.interp_ways.size() << " interps)" << std::endl;
  1796→    }
  1797→
  1798→    // Write admin cell index, raw data files, and admin polygons in parallel
  1799→    auto admin_future = std::async(std::launch::async, [&] {

static std::unordered_map<uint64_t, uint32_t> write_entries(
    const std::string& path,
    const std::vector<uint64_t>& sorted_cells,
    const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>& cell_map
) {
    std::unordered_map<uint64_t, uint32_t> offsets;
    std::ofstream f(path, std::ios::binary);
    uint32_t current = 0;
    for (uint64_t cell_id : sorted_cells) {
        auto it = cell_map.find(cell_id);
        if (it == cell_map.end()) continue;
        offsets[cell_id] = current;
        uint16_t count = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(it->second.size(), size_t(65535)));
        f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&count), sizeof(count));
        f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(it->second.data()), it->second.size() * sizeof(uint32_t));
        current += sizeof(uint16_t) + it->second.size() * sizeof(uint32_t);
    }
    return offsets;
}

static void write_cell_index(
    const std::string& cells_path,
    const std::string& entries_path,
    const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>& cell_map
) {
    std::vector<std::pair<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>> sorted(
        cell_map.begin(), cell_map.end());
    std::sort(sorted.begin(), sorted.end());

    {
        std::ofstream f(cells_path, std::ios::binary);
        uint32_t current_offset = 0;
        for (const auto& [cell_id, ids] : sorted) {
            f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&cell_id), sizeof(cell_id));
            f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&current_offset), sizeof(current_offset));
            current_offset += sizeof(uint16_t) + ids.size() * sizeof(uint32_t);
        }
    }

    {
        std::ofstream f(entries_path, std::ios::binary);
        for (const auto& [cell_id, ids] : sorted) {
            uint16_t count = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(ids.size(), size_t(65535)));
            f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&count), sizeof(count));
            f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ids.data()), ids.size() * sizeof(uint32_t));
        }
    }
}

// --- Write all index files ---

static void write_index(const ParsedData& data, const std::string& output_dir, IndexMode mode) {
    ensure_dir(output_dir);

    bool write_streets = (mode != IndexMode::AdminOnly);
    bool write_addresses = (mode == IndexMode::Full);

    if (write_streets) {
        // Merged geo cell index for streets, addresses, and interpolation
        // Use sorted vector instead of std::set for faster construction
        std::vector<uint64_t> sorted_geo_cells;
        {
            std::unordered_set<uint64_t> all_geo_cells;
            all_geo_cells.reserve(data.cell_to_ways.size() + data.cell_to_addrs.size());
            for (const auto& [id, _] : data.cell_to_ways) all_geo_cells.insert(id);
            if (write_addresses) {
                for (const auto& [id, _] : data.cell_to_addrs) all_geo_cells.insert(id);
                for (const auto& [id, _] : data.cell_to_interps) all_geo_cells.insert(id);
            }
            sorted_geo_cells.assign(all_geo_cells.begin(), all_geo_cells.end());
            std::sort(sorted_geo_cells.begin(), sorted_geo_cells.end());
        }

        // Write entry files in parallel
        std::unordered_map<uint64_t, uint32_t> street_offsets, addr_offsets, interp_offsets;
        {
            auto f1 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]() {
                return write_entries(output_dir + "/street_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.cell_to_ways);
            });
            if (write_addresses) {
                auto f2 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]() {
                    return write_entries(output_dir + "/addr_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.cell_to_addrs);
                });
                auto f3 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]() {
                    return write_entries(output_dir + "/interp_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.cell_to_interps);
                });
                addr_offsets = f2.get();
                interp_offsets = f3.get();
            }
            street_offsets = f1.get();
        }

        {
            std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/geo_cells.bin", std::ios::binary);
            for (uint64_t cell_id : sorted_geo_cells) {
                f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&cell_id), sizeof(cell_id));
                auto write_offset = [&](const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, uint32_t>& offsets) {
                    auto it = offsets.find(cell_id);
                    uint32_t offset = (it != offsets.end()) ? it->second : NO_DATA;
                    f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&offset), sizeof(offset));
                };
                write_offset(street_offsets);
                write_offset(addr_offsets);
                write_offset(interp_offsets);
            }
        }

        std::cerr << "geo index: " << sorted_geo_cells.size() << " cells ("
                  << data.ways.size() << " ways, "
                  << data.addr_points.size() << " addrs, "
                  << data.interp_ways.size() << " interps)" << std::endl;
    }

    // Write admin cell index, raw data files, and admin polygons in parallel
    auto admin_future = std::async(std::launch::async, [&] {


Here's the breakdown of what's slow and why:

**The 853.9s write phase has 3 major bottlenecks:**

### 1. `write_entries` — 3× hash map iteration over 332M cells (~40% of time)
Each of the 3 entry files iterates ALL 332M `sorted_geo_cells` and does a `cell_map.find()` (hash lookup) per cell. That's **~1 billion hash lookups** total. The hash maps (`cell_to_ways`, `cell_to_addrs`, `cell_to_interps`) are huge with poor cache locality.

**Fix**: Build the entries directly from the cell maps (iterate the map, not the sorted cells). Or pre-build a flat array indexed by sorted cell position.

### 2. `geo_cells.bin` — 332M cells × 3 hash lookups each (~40% of time)
Line 1778-1789: For each of 332M cells, does 3 `unordered_map::find()` calls into `street_offsets`, `addr_offsets`, `interp_offsets`. That's another **~1 billion hash lookups**, all with random memory access patterns.

**Fix**: Build the geo_cells.bin output buffer during write_entries (when we already know each cell's offset) instead of in a separate pass.

### 3. Small writes (~20% of time)
Each `f.write()` call writes 4-12 bytes. For 332M cells, that's 332M write calls. Even with buffering, the syscall overhead is significant.

**Fix**: Build the entire output in a memory buffer, then write in one shot.

Let me implement all three fixes:


Edit

static std::unordered_map<uint64_t, uint32_t> write_entries(
    const std::string& path,
    const std::vector<uint64_t>& sorted_cells,
    const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>& cell_map
) {
    std::unordered_map<uint64_t, uint32_t> offsets;
    std::ofstream f(path, std::ios::binary);
    uint32_t current = 0;
    for (uint64_t cell_id : sorted_cells) {
        auto it = cell_map.find(cell_id);
        if (it == cell_map.end()) continue;
        offsets[cell_id] = current;
        uint16_t count = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(it->second.size(), size_t(65535)));
        f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&count), sizeof(count));
        f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(it->second.data()), it->second.size() * sizeof(uint32_t));
        current += sizeof(uint16_t) + it->second.size() * sizeof(uint32_t);
    }
    return offsets;
}

// Build entry data in memory, then write in one shot.
// Returns a vector of offsets indexed by sorted_cell position (not a hash map).
static std::vector<uint32_t> write_entries(
    const std::string& path,
    const std::vector<uint64_t>& sorted_cells,
    const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>& cell_map
) {
    // Pre-compute total size for buffer allocation
    size_t total_size = 0;
    for (auto& [id, ids] : cell_map) {
        total_size += sizeof(uint16_t) + ids.size() * sizeof(uint32_t);
    }

    // Build entries buffer and offset vector in one pass over cell_map
    std::vector<uint32_t> offsets(sorted_cells.size(), NO_DATA);

    // Create position lookup: cell_id → index in sorted_cells (for O(1) lookup)
    std::unordered_map<uint64_t, uint32_t> cell_to_pos;
    cell_to_pos.reserve(sorted_cells.size());
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < sorted_cells.size(); i++) {
        cell_to_pos[sorted_cells[i]] = i;
    }

    // Build buffer by iterating sorted_cells (maintains sorted order in file)
    std::vector<char> buf;
    buf.reserve(total_size);
    uint32_t current = 0;
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < sorted_cells.size(); i++) {
        auto it = cell_map.find(sorted_cells[i]);
        if (it == cell_map.end()) continue;
        offsets[i] = current;
        uint16_t count = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(it->second.size(), size_t(65535)));
        buf.insert(buf.end(), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&count), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&count) + sizeof(count));
        buf.insert(buf.end(), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(it->second.data()),
                   reinterpret_cast<const char*>(it->second.data()) + it->second.size() * sizeof(uint32_t));
        current += sizeof(uint16_t) + it->second.size() * sizeof(uint32_t);
    }

    // Single write
    std::ofstream f(path, std::ios::binary);
    f.write(buf.data(), buf.size());
    return offsets;
}