  1485→    // Process continents with bounded concurrency, largest first.
  1486→    if (generate_continents) {
  1487→        // Pre-compute continent membership for each unique cell in sorted pairs.
  1488→        // One parallel scan replaces 8 × cell_in_bbox per cell during filtering.
  1489→        auto _pct = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
  1490→        auto _pcc = CpuTicks::now();
  1491→
  1492→        // Load continent polygons for boundary-based filtering
  1493→        auto continent_polys = get_continent_polygons();
  1494→        std::cerr << "  Loaded " << continent_polys.size() << " continent boundary polygons" << std::endl;
  1495→
  1496→        // For each sorted pair array, build a parallel array of continent bitmasks.
  1497→        // Since pairs are sorted by cell_id, consecutive entries share the same mask.
  1498→        auto precompute_masks = [&continent_polys](const std::vector<CellItemPair>& sorted) -> std::vector<uint8_t> {
  1499→            if (sorted.empty()) return {};
  1500→            std::vector<uint8_t> masks(sorted.size(), 0);
  1501→
  1502→            unsigned nthreads = std::max(1u, std::thread::hardware_concurrency());
  1503→            size_t chunk = (sorted.size() + nthreads - 1) / nthreads;
  1504→            std::vector<size_t> bounds = {0};
  1505→            for (unsigned t = 1; t < nthreads; t++) {
  1506→                size_t target = t * chunk;
  1507→                if (target >= sorted.size()) break;
  1508→                while (target < sorted.size() && sorted[target].cell_id == sorted[target-1].cell_id)
  1509→                    target++;
  1510→                if (target < sorted.size()) bounds.push_back(target);
  1511→            }
  1512→            bounds.push_back(sorted.size());
  1513→
  1514→            std::vector<std::thread> threads;
  1515→            for (size_t th = 0; th + 1 < bounds.size(); th++) {
  1516→                threads.emplace_back([&, th]() {
  1517→                    for (size_t i = bounds[th]; i < bounds[th+1]; ) {
  1518→                        uint64_t cell_id = sorted[i].cell_id;
  1519→                        S2CellId cell(cell_id);
  1520→                        S2LatLng center = cell.ToLatLng();
  1521→                        double lat = center.lat().degrees();
  1522→                        double lng = center.lng().degrees();
  1523→                        uint8_t mask = 0;
  1524→                        // Test against continent polygons (not bboxes)
  1525→                        for (size_t ci = 0; ci < continent_polys.size() && ci < 8; ci++) {
  1526→                            if (point_in_polygon(lat, lng, continent_polys[ci].vertices))
  1527→                                mask |= (1u << ci);
  1528→                        }
  1529→                        while (i < bounds[th+1] && sorted[i].cell_id == cell_id) {
  1530→                            masks[i] = mask;
  1531→                            i++;
  1532→                        }
  1533→                    }
  1534→                });
  1535→            }
  1536→            for (auto& t : threads) t.join();
  1537→            return masks;
  1538→        };
  1539→
  1540→        // Precompute for all three sorted pair arrays
  1541→        auto way_masks = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ return precompute_masks(data.sorted_way_cells); });
  1542→        auto addr_masks = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ return precompute_masks(data.sorted_addr_cells); });
  1543→        auto interp_masks = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ return precompute_masks(data.sorted_interp_cells); });
  1544→        auto way_continent_masks = way_masks.get();
  1545→        auto addr_continent_masks = addr_masks.get();
  1546→        auto interp_continent_masks = interp_masks.get();
  1547→
  1548→        log_phase("Pre-compute continent masks", _pct, _pcc);
  1549→
  1550→        // Sort by bbox area descending — largest continents first
  1551→        std::vector<size_t> continent_order(kContinentCount);
  1552→        std::iota(continent_order.begin(), continent_order.end(), 0u);
  1553→        std::sort(continent_order.begin(), continent_order.end(), [](size_t a, size_t b) {
  1554→            auto area = [](const ContinentBBox& c) {
  1555→                return (c.max_lat - c.min_lat) * (c.max_lng - c.min_lng);
  1556→            };
  1557→            return area(kContinents[a]) > area(kContinents[b]);
  1558→        });
  1559→
  1560→        unsigned max_concurrent = std::max(1u, std::min(4u,
  1561→            std::thread::hardware_concurrency() / 8));
  1562→        std::cerr << "Processing " << kContinentCount << " continents ("
  1563→                  << max_concurrent << " concurrent, largest first)..." << std::endl;
  1564→
  1565→        std::atomic<unsigned> active{0};
  1566→        std::mutex cv_mutex;
  1567→        std::condition_variable cv;
  1568→        std::vector<std::future<void>> futures;
  1569→
  1570→        for (size_t i = 0; i < kContinentCount; i++) {
  1571→            {
  1572→                std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(cv_mutex);
  1573→                cv.wait(lock, [&]{ return active.load() < max_concurrent; });
  1574→            }
  1575→            active.fetch_add(1);
  1576→
  1577→            futures.push_back(std::async(std::launch::async, [&, i]() {
  1578→                const auto& continent = kContinents[continent_order[i]];
  1579→                auto _ct = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
  1580→                auto _cc = CpuTicks::now();
  1581→                std::cerr << "Continent: " << continent.name << " (start)..." << std::endl;
  1582→                uint8_t cbit = 1u << continent_order[i];
  1583→                const auto* poly = (continent_order[i] < continent_polys.size() && !continent_polys[continent_order[i]].vertices.empty())
  1584→                    ? &continent_polys[continent_order[i]].vertices : nullptr;
  1585→                auto subset = filter_by_bbox_masked(data, continent, cbit,
  1586→                    way_continent_masks, addr_continent_masks, interp_continent_masks, poly);
  1587→                log_phase(("  " + std::string(continent.name) + ": filter").c_str(), _ct, _cc);
  1588→                write_region(subset, output_dir + "/" + continent.name);
  1589→                log_phase(("  " + std::string(continent.name) + ": total").c_str(), _ct, _cc);
  1590→
  1591→                active.fetch_sub(1);
  1592→                cv.notify_one();
  1593→            }));
  1594→        }


     1→#pragma once
     2→
     3→#include "parsed_data.h"
     4→
     5→struct ContinentBBox {
     6→    const char* name;
     7→    double min_lat, max_lat, min_lng, max_lng;
     8→};
     9→
    10→extern const ContinentBBox kContinents[];
    11→extern const size_t kContinentCount;
    12→
    13→ParsedData filter_by_bbox(const ParsedData& full, const ContinentBBox& bbox);
    14→
    15→// Fast version using precomputed continent bitmasks (avoids cell_in_bbox per cell)
    16→// If polygon is provided, items are additionally tested at the coordinate level.
    17→ParsedData filter_by_bbox_masked(const ParsedData& full, const ContinentBBox& bbox,
    18→    uint8_t continent_bit,
    19→    const std::vector<uint8_t>& way_masks,
    20→    const std::vector<uint8_t>& addr_masks,
    21→    const std::vector<uint8_t>& interp_masks,
    22→    const std::vector<std::pair<double,double>>* polygon = nullptr);
    23→


Bash

grep -A 5 -B 5 "std::sort\|sorted\|binary" /root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp | head -50


#include "geometry.h"
#include "s2_helpers.h"

std::vector<uint32_t> write_entries(
    const std::string& path,
    const std::vector<uint64_t>& sorted_cells,
    const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>& cell_map
) {
    struct CellRef { uint64_t cell_id; const std::vector<uint32_t>* ids; };
    std::vector<CellRef> sorted_refs;
    sorted_refs.reserve(cell_map.size());
    for (auto& [id, ids] : cell_map) sorted_refs.push_back({id, &ids});
    std::sort(sorted_refs.begin(), sorted_refs.end(),
        [](const CellRef& a, const CellRef& b) { return a.cell_id < b.cell_id; });

    std::vector<uint32_t> offsets(sorted_cells.size(), NO_DATA);
    size_t total_size = 0;
    for (auto& r : sorted_refs) total_size += sizeof(uint16_t) + r.ids->size() * sizeof(uint32_t);

    std::vector<char> buf;
    buf.reserve(total_size);
    uint32_t current = 0;
    size_t ri = 0;
    for (uint32_t si = 0; si < sorted_cells.size() && ri < sorted_refs.size(); si++) {
        if (sorted_cells[si] < sorted_refs[ri].cell_id) continue;
        if (sorted_cells[si] > sorted_refs[ri].cell_id) { si--; ri++; continue; }
        offsets[si] = current;
        const auto& ids = *sorted_refs[ri].ids;
        uint16_t count = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(ids.size(), size_t(MAX_VERTEX_COUNT)));
        buf.insert(buf.end(), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&count),
                   reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&count) + sizeof(count));
        buf.insert(buf.end(), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ids.data()),
                   reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ids.data()) + ids.size() * sizeof(uint32_t));
        current += sizeof(uint16_t) + ids.size() * sizeof(uint32_t);
        ri++;
    }
    std::ofstream f(path, std::ios::binary);
    f.write(buf.data(), buf.size());
    return offsets;
}

std::vector<uint32_t> write_entries_from_sorted(
    const std::string& path,
    const std::vector<uint64_t>& sorted_cells,
    const std::vector<CellItemPair>& sorted_pairs
) {
    std::vector<uint32_t> offsets(sorted_cells.size(), NO_DATA);
    if (sorted_pairs.empty()) {
        std::ofstream f(path, std::ios::binary);
        return offsets;


   650→    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
   651→    display_name: Option<String>,
   652→    address: AddressDetails<'a>,
   653→}
   654→
   655→// Address formatting patterns by country code
   656→// Returns (number_after_street, postcode_before_city, include_state)
   657→fn format_rules(country_code: Option<&str>) -> (bool, bool, bool) {
   658→    match country_code {
   659→        // Number before street, postcode after city, include state
   660→        Some("US") | Some("CA") | Some("AU") | Some("NZ")
   661→        | Some("GB") | Some("IE") | Some("ZA") | Some("IN")
   662→        | Some("NG") | Some("KE") | Some("GH") | Some("PK")
   663→        | Some("PH") | Some("TH") | Some("MY") => (false, false, true),
   664→
   665→        // Number before street, postcode before city, include state
   666→        Some("JP") | Some("KR") | Some("CN") | Some("TW") => (false, true, true),
   667→
   668→        // Number after street, postcode before city, no state (most of Europe, etc.)
   669→        _ => (true, true, false),
   670→    }
   671→}
   672→
   673→fn format_address(addr: &AddressDetails<'_>) -> Option<String> {
   674→    if addr.road.is_none() && addr.city.is_none() && addr.country.is_none() {
   675→        return None;
   676→    }
   677→
   678→    let (number_after, postcode_before_city, include_state) = format_rules(addr.country_code.as_deref());
   679→    let mut parts: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
   680→
   681→    // Street + house number
   682→    if let Some(road) = addr.road {
   683→        if let Some(ref hn) = addr.house_number {
   684→            if number_after {
   685→                parts.push(format!("{} {}", road, hn));
   686→            } else {
   687→                parts.push(format!("{} {}", hn, road));
   688→            }
   689→        } else {
   690→            parts.push(road.to_string());
   691→        }
   692→    }
   693→
   694→    // City + postcode + state
   695→    if postcode_before_city {
   696→        let mut city_part = String::new();
   697→        if let Some(pc) = addr.postcode {
   698→            city_part.push_str(pc);
   699→            city_part.push(' ');
   700→        }
   701→        if let Some(city) = addr.city {
   702→            city_part.push_str(city);
   703→        }
   704→        if include_state {
   705→            if let Some(state) = addr.state {
   706→                if !city_part.is_empty() { city_part.push_str(", "); }
   707→                city_part.push_str(state);
   708→            }
   709→        }
   710→        if !city_part.is_empty() {
   711→            parts.push(city_part.trim().to_string());
   712→        }
   713→    } else {
   714→        let mut city_part = String::new();
   715→        if let Some(city) = addr.city {
   716→            city_part.push_str(city);
   717→        }
   718→        if include_state {
   719→            if let Some(state) = addr.state {
   720→                if !city_part.is_empty() { city_part.push_str(", "); }
   721→                city_part.push_str(state);
   722→            }
   723→        }
   724→        if let Some(pc) = addr.postcode {
   725→            if !city_part.is_empty() { city_part.push(' '); }
   726→            city_part.push_str(pc);
   727→        }
   728→        if !city_part.is_empty() {
   729→            parts.push(city_part);
   730→        }
   731→    }
   732→
   733→    // Country
   734→    if let Some(country) = addr.country {
   735→        parts.push(country.to_string());
   736→    }
   737→
   738→    if parts.is_empty() { None } else { Some(parts.join(", ")) }
   739→}
   740→
   741→#[derive(Deserialize)]
   742→struct QueryParams {
   743→    lat: f64,
   744→    lon: f64,
   745→    key: Option<String>,
   746→}
   747→
   748→async fn reverse_geocode(
   749→    Query(params): Query<QueryParams>,


grep -n "write_region\|filter_by_bbox_masked\|get_continent_polygons" /root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp | head -20


1459:    auto write_region = [&](const ParsedData& d, const std::string& base_dir) {
1482:        write_region(data, output_dir);
1493:        auto continent_polys = get_continent_polygons();
1585:                auto subset = filter_by_bbox_masked(data, continent, cbit,
1588:                write_region(subset, output_dir + "/" + continent.name);


  1459→    auto write_region = [&](const ParsedData& d, const std::string& base_dir) {
  1460→        ensure_dir(base_dir);
  1461→
  1462→        if (multi_output) {
  1463→            // Write all 3 modes in parallel (they read shared data, write to separate dirs)
  1464→            auto wf1 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ write_index(d, base_dir + "/full", IndexMode::Full); });
  1465→            auto wf2 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ write_index(d, base_dir + "/no-addresses", IndexMode::NoAddresses); });
  1466→            auto wf3 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ write_index(d, base_dir + "/admin", IndexMode::AdminOnly); });
  1467→            wf1.get(); wf2.get(); wf3.get();
  1468→        } else {
  1469→            write_index(d, base_dir, mode);
  1470→        }
  1471→
  1472→        // Write quality variants under admin/ (or base_dir if not multi_output)
  1473→        if (multi_quality) {
  1474→            std::string admin_dir = multi_output ? base_dir + "/admin" : base_dir;
  1475→            std::cerr << "  Writing quality variants for " << base_dir << "..." << std::endl;
  1476→            write_qualities(d, admin_dir);
  1477→        }
  1478→    };
  1479→
  1480→    // Write planet (async — overlaps with continent filtering start)
  1481→    auto planet_future = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]() {
  1482→        write_region(data, output_dir);
  1483→    });


grep -n "get_continent_polygons\|filter_by_bbox_masked" /root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/*.h /root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/*.cpp 2>/dev/null | grep -v "Binary"


/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/continent_boundaries.h:19:std::vector<ContinentPolygon> get_continent_polygons();
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/continent_filter.h:17:ParsedData filter_by_bbox_masked(const ParsedData& full, const ContinentBBox& bbox,
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:1493:        auto continent_polys = get_continent_polygons();
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:1585:                auto subset = filter_by_bbox_masked(data, continent, cbit,
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/continent_boundaries.cpp:53:std::vector<ContinentPolygon> get_continent_polygons() {
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/continent_filter.cpp:427:ParsedData filter_by_bbox_masked(const ParsedData& full, const ContinentBBox& bbox,


   253→        let empty_addr: &[AddrPoint] = &[];
   254→        let all_points: &[AddrPoint] = if let Some(ref m) = self.addr_points {
   255→            unsafe {
   256→                std::slice::from_raw_parts(
   257→                    m.as_ptr() as *const AddrPoint,
   258→                    m.len() / std::mem::size_of::<AddrPoint>(),
   259→                )
   260→            }
   261→        } else {
   262→            empty_addr
   263→        };
   264→        let all_ways: &[WayHeader] = unsafe {
   265→            std::slice::from_raw_parts(
   266→                street_ways_mmap.as_ptr() as *const WayHeader,
   267→                street_ways_mmap.len() / std::mem::size_of::<WayHeader>(),
   268→            )
   269→        };
   270→        let all_street_nodes: &[NodeCoord] = unsafe {
   271→            std::slice::from_raw_parts(
   272→                street_nodes_mmap.as_ptr() as *const NodeCoord,
   273→                street_nodes_mmap.len() / std::mem::size_of::<NodeCoord>(),
   274→            )
   275→        };
   276→        let empty_interp: &[InterpWay] = &[];
   277→        let all_interps: &[InterpWay] = if let Some(ref m) = self.interp_ways {
   278→            unsafe {
   279→                std::slice::from_raw_parts(
   280→                    m.as_ptr() as *const InterpWay,
   281→                    m.len() / std::mem::size_of::<InterpWay>(),
   282→                )
   283→            }
   284→        } else {
   285→            empty_interp
   286→        };
   287→        let empty_interp_nodes: &[NodeCoord] = &[];
   288→        let all_interp_nodes: &[NodeCoord] = if let Some(ref m) = self.interp_nodes {
   289→            unsafe {
   290→                std::slice::from_raw_parts(
   291→                    m.as_ptr() as *const NodeCoord,
   292→                    m.len() / std::mem::size_of::<NodeCoord>(),
   293→                )
   294→            }
   295→        } else {
   296→            empty_interp_nodes
   297→        };
   298→
   299→        let cos_lat = lat.to_radians().cos();
   300→
   301→        let mut best_addr_dist = f64::MAX;
   302→        let mut best_addr: Option<&AddrPoint> = None;
   303→        let mut best_street_dist = f64::MAX;
   304→        let mut best_street: Option<&WayHeader> = None;
   305→        let mut best_interp_dist = f64::MAX;
   306→        let mut best_interp: Option<&InterpWay> = None;
   307→        let mut best_interp_t: f64 = 0.0;
   308→
   309→        // Fixed-size hash set on stack to skip duplicate street IDs across cells
   310→        let mut seen_streets: [u32; 64] = [u32::MAX; 64];
   311→
   312→        for c in std::iter::once(cell).chain(neighbors.into_iter()) {
   313→            let offsets = Self::lookup_geo_cell(geo_cells, c);
   314→
   315→            // Addresses
   316→            if let Some(ref addr_entries) = self.addr_entries {
   317→                Self::for_each_entry(addr_entries, offsets.addr, |id| {
   318→                    let point = &all_points[id as usize];
   319→                    let dlat = (point.lat as f64 - lat).to_radians();
   320→                    let dlng = (point.lng as f64 - lng).to_radians();
   321→                    let dist = dist_sq(dlat, dlng, cos_lat);
   322→                    if dist < best_addr_dist {
   323→                        best_addr_dist = dist;
   324→                        best_addr = Some(point);
   325→                    }
   326→                });
   327→            }
   328→
   329→            // Streets
   330→            Self::for_each_entry(street_entries, offsets.street, |id| {
   331→                let slot = (id as usize) & 0x3F;
   332→                if seen_streets[slot] == id { return; }


   400→    for (const auto& iw : out.interp_ways) used_offsets.insert(iw.street_id);
   401→    for (const auto& ap : out.admin_polygons) used_offsets.insert(ap.name_id);
   402→
   403→    const auto& old_sp = full.string_pool.data();
   404→    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, uint32_t> string_remap;
   405→    auto& new_sp = out.string_pool.mutable_data();
   406→    new_sp.clear();
   407→
   408→    std::vector<uint32_t> sorted_offsets(used_offsets.begin(), used_offsets.end());
   409→    std::sort(sorted_offsets.begin(), sorted_offsets.end());
   410→    for (uint32_t old_off : sorted_offsets) {
   411→        uint32_t new_off = static_cast<uint32_t>(new_sp.size());
   412→        string_remap[old_off] = new_off;
   413→        const char* str = old_sp.data() + old_off;
   414→        size_t len = std::strlen(str);
   415→        new_sp.insert(new_sp.end(), str, str + len + 1);
   416→    }
   417→
   418→    for (auto& w : out.ways) w.name_id = string_remap[w.name_id];
   419→    for (auto& a : out.addr_points) { a.housenumber_id = string_remap[a.housenumber_id]; a.street_id = string_remap[a.street_id]; }
   420→    for (auto& iw : out.interp_ways) iw.street_id = string_remap[iw.street_id];
   421→    for (auto& ap : out.admin_polygons) ap.name_id = string_remap[ap.name_id];
   422→    log_phase("      filter: string pool rebuild", _ft, _fc);
   423→
   424→    return out;
   425→}
   426→
   427→ParsedData filter_by_bbox_masked(const ParsedData& full, const ContinentBBox& bbox,
   428→    uint8_t continent_bit,
   429→    const std::vector<uint8_t>& way_masks,
   430→    const std::vector<uint8_t>& addr_masks,
   431→    const std::vector<uint8_t>& interp_masks,
   432→    const std::vector<std::pair<double,double>>* polygon) {
   433→
   434→    ParsedData out;
   435→    auto _ft = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
   436→    auto _fc = CpuTicks::now();
   437→
   438→    // Fast mask-based filter using bitset → sorted vector directly
   439→    // Eliminates hash set entirely. O(1) bit set, O(n) scan to extract sorted IDs.
   440→    auto filter_sorted_masked = [&](const std::vector<CellItemPair>& sorted,
   441→                                     const std::vector<uint8_t>& masks,
   442→                                     uint32_t max_id) {
   443→        std::vector<uint32_t> result;
   444→        if (sorted.empty()) return result;
   445→
   446→        unsigned nthreads = std::max(1u, std::thread::hardware_concurrency() / 4);
   447→        size_t bitset_bytes = (max_id + 8) / 8;
   448→        size_t chunk = (sorted.size() + nthreads - 1) / nthreads;
   449→        std::vector<size_t> bounds = {0};
   450→        for (unsigned t = 1; t < nthreads; t++) {
   451→            size_t target = t * chunk;
   452→            if (target >= sorted.size()) break;
   453→            while (target < sorted.size() && sorted[target].cell_id == sorted[target-1].cell_id) target++;
   454→            if (target < sorted.size()) bounds.push_back(target);
   455→        }
   456→        bounds.push_back(sorted.size());
   457→
   458→        // Per-thread bitsets to avoid race conditions on concurrent byte writes
   459→        std::vector<std::vector<uint8_t>> thread_bitsets(bounds.size() - 1);
   460→        std::vector<std::thread> threads;
   461→        for (size_t t = 0; t + 1 < bounds.size(); t++) {
   462→            threads.emplace_back([&, t]() {
   463→                auto& bs = thread_bitsets[t];
   464→                bs.resize(bitset_bytes, 0);
   465→                for (size_t i = bounds[t]; i < bounds[t+1]; i++) {
   466→                    if (masks[i] & continent_bit) {
   467→                        uint32_t id = sorted[i].item_id;
   468→                        if (id < max_id)
   469→                            bs[id / 8] |= (1 << (id % 8));
   470→                    }
   471→                }
   472→            });
   473→        }
   474→        for (auto& t : threads) t.join();
   475→
   476→        // Merge with OR
   477→        std::vector<uint8_t> bitset(bitset_bytes, 0);
   478→        for (auto& bs : thread_bitsets) {
   479→            for (size_t i = 0; i < bitset_bytes; i++) bitset[i] |= bs[i];
   480→        }
   481→
   482→        // Extract sorted IDs from bitset (already in ascending order)
   483→        for (uint32_t id = 0; id < max_id; id++) {
   484→            if (bitset[id / 8] & (1 << (id % 8))) result.push_back(id);
   485→        }
   486→        return result;
   487→    };
   488→
   489→    // Filter from hash map (admin only — no precomputed masks)
   490→    auto filter_cells_map = [&](const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>& cell_map,
   491→                                bool mask_interior = false) {
   492→        std::unordered_set<uint32_t> ids;
   493→        for (const auto& [cell_id, cell_ids] : cell_map) {
   494→            if (cell_in_bbox(cell_id, bbox)) {
   495→                for (uint32_t id : cell_ids)
   496→                    ids.insert(mask_interior ? (id & ID_MASK) : id);
   497→            }
   498→        }
   499→        return ids;
   500→    };
   501→
   502→    // Pass max_id for each data type to size the bitset
   503→    uint32_t max_way_id = static_cast<uint32_t>(full.ways.size());
   504→    uint32_t max_addr_id = static_cast<uint32_t>(full.addr_points.size());
   505→    uint32_t max_interp_id = static_cast<uint32_t>(full.interp_ways.size());
   506→
   507→    auto f_ways = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ return filter_sorted_masked(full.sorted_way_cells, way_masks, max_way_id); });
   508→    auto f_addrs = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ return filter_sorted_masked(full.sorted_addr_cells, addr_masks, max_addr_id); });
   509→    auto f_interps = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ return filter_sorted_masked(full.sorted_interp_cells, interp_masks, max_interp_id); });
   510→    auto f_admin = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ return filter_cells_map(full.cell_to_admin, true); });
   511→
   512→    auto used_way_ids = f_ways.get();     // sorted vector<uint32_t>
   513→    auto used_addr_ids = f_addrs.get();   // sorted vector<uint32_t>
   514→    auto used_interp_ids = f_interps.get(); // sorted vector<uint32_t>
   515→    auto used_admin_ids = f_admin.get();  // unordered_set<uint32_t> (admin still uses hash map)
   516→    log_phase("      filter: ID collection (masked)", _ft, _fc);
   517→
   518→    // Reuse the same remap + cell remap + string pool logic from filter_by_bbox
   519→    // (inline the rest — same as filter_by_bbox from the remap section onwards)
   520→    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, uint32_t> way_remap, addr_remap, interp_remap, admin_remap;
   521→
   522→    auto f_remap_ways = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]() {
   523→        auto& sorted_ids = used_way_ids;
   524→        std::vector<WayHeader> ways; std::vector<NodeCoord> nodes;
   525→        ways.reserve(sorted_ids.size()); nodes.reserve(sorted_ids.size() * 5);
   526→        std::unordered_map<uint32_t, uint32_t> remap; remap.reserve(sorted_ids.size());
   527→        for (uint32_t old_id : sorted_ids) {
   528→            const auto& w = full.ways[old_id];
   529→            // Coordinate-level polygon test — include way if ANY node is inside
   530→            if (polygon && w.node_count > 0) {
   531→                bool any_inside = false;
   532→                for (uint8_t n = 0; n < w.node_count; n++) {
   533→                    const auto& nd = full.street_nodes[w.node_offset + n];
   534→                    if (point_in_polygon(nd.lat, nd.lng, *polygon)) { any_inside = true; break; }
   535→                }
   536→                if (!any_inside) continue;
   537→            }
   538→            remap[old_id] = static_cast<uint32_t>(ways.size());
   539→            WayHeader nw = w;
   540→            nw.node_offset = static_cast<uint32_t>(nodes.size()); ways.push_back(nw);
   541→            for (uint8_t n = 0; n < w.node_count; n++) nodes.push_back(full.street_nodes[w.node_offset + n]);
   542→        }
   543→        return std::make_tuple(std::move(remap), std::move(ways), std::move(nodes));
   544→    });
   545→    auto f_remap_addrs = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]() {
   546→        auto& sorted_ids = used_addr_ids;
   547→        std::vector<AddrPoint> addrs; addrs.reserve(sorted_ids.size());
   548→        std::unordered_map<uint32_t, uint32_t> remap; remap.reserve(sorted_ids.size());
   549→        for (uint32_t old_id : sorted_ids) {
   550→            const auto& a = full.addr_points[old_id];
   551→            // Coordinate-level polygon test on address point
   552→            if (polygon && !point_in_polygon(a.lat, a.lng, *polygon)) continue;
   553→            remap[old_id] = static_cast<uint32_t>(addrs.size()); addrs.push_back(a);
   554→        }
   555→        return std::make_tuple(std::move(remap), std::move(addrs));
   556→    });
   557→    auto f_remap_interps = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]() {
   558→        auto& sorted_ids = used_interp_ids;
   559→        std::vector<InterpWay> iways; std::vector<NodeCoord> inodes;
   560→        iways.reserve(sorted_ids.size());
   561→        std::unordered_map<uint32_t, uint32_t> remap; remap.reserve(sorted_ids.size());
   562→        for (uint32_t old_id : sorted_ids) {
   563→            remap[old_id] = static_cast<uint32_t>(iways.size());
   564→            const auto& iw = full.interp_ways[old_id]; InterpWay niw = iw;
   565→            niw.node_offset = static_cast<uint32_t>(inodes.size()); iways.push_back(niw);
   566→            for (uint8_t n = 0; n < iw.node_count; n++) inodes.push_back(full.interp_nodes[iw.node_offset + n]);
   567→        }
   568→        return std::make_tuple(std::move(remap), std::move(iways), std::move(inodes));
   569→    });
   570→    auto f_remap_admins = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]() {
   571→        std::vector<uint32_t> sorted_ids(used_admin_ids.begin(), used_admin_ids.end());
   572→        std::sort(sorted_ids.begin(), sorted_ids.end());
   573→        std::vector<AdminPolygon> polys; std::vector<NodeCoord> verts;
   574→        polys.reserve(sorted_ids.size());
   575→        std::unordered_map<uint32_t, uint32_t> remap; remap.reserve(sorted_ids.size());
   576→        for (uint32_t old_id : sorted_ids) {
   577→            remap[old_id] = static_cast<uint32_t>(polys.size());
   578→            const auto& ap = full.admin_polygons[old_id]; AdminPolygon nap = ap;
   579→            nap.vertex_offset = static_cast<uint32_t>(verts.size()); polys.push_back(nap);
   580→            for (uint32_t v = 0; v < ap.vertex_count; v++) verts.push_back(full.admin_vertices[ap.vertex_offset + v]);
   581→        }
   582→        return std::make_tuple(std::move(remap), std::move(polys), std::move(verts));
   583→    });
   584→
   585→    { auto [wr, ways, nodes] = f_remap_ways.get(); way_remap = std::move(wr); out.ways = std::move(ways); out.street_nodes = std::move(nodes); }
   586→    { auto [ar, addrs] = f_remap_addrs.get(); addr_remap = std::move(ar); out.addr_points = std::move(addrs); }
   587→    { auto [ir, iways, inodes] = f_remap_interps.get(); interp_remap = std::move(ir); out.interp_ways = std::move(iways); out.interp_nodes = std::move(inodes); }
   588→    { auto [ar, polys, verts] = f_remap_admins.get(); admin_remap = std::move(ar); out.admin_polygons = std::move(polys); out.admin_vertices = std::move(verts); }
   589→    log_phase("      filter: data remap (masked)", _ft, _fc);
   590→
   591→    // Remap sorted pairs using mask for fast filtering
   592→    auto remap_sorted_masked = [&](const std::vector<CellItemPair>& sorted,
   593→                                    const std::vector<uint8_t>& masks,
   594→                                    const std::unordered_map<uint32_t, uint32_t>& remap,
   595→                                    std::vector<CellItemPair>& dst) {
   596→        if (sorted.empty()) return;
   597→        unsigned nthreads = std::max(1u, std::thread::hardware_concurrency() / 4);
   598→        size_t chunk = (sorted.size() + nthreads - 1) / nthreads;
   599→        std::vector<size_t> bounds = {0};
   600→        for (unsigned t = 1; t < nthreads; t++) {
   601→            size_t target = t * chunk;
   602→            if (target >= sorted.size()) break;
   603→            while (target < sorted.size() && sorted[target].cell_id == sorted[target-1].cell_id) target++;
   604→            if (target < sorted.size()) bounds.push_back(target);
   605→        }
   606→        bounds.push_back(sorted.size());
   607→        std::vector<std::vector<CellItemPair>> thread_pairs(bounds.size() - 1);
   608→        std::vector<std::thread> threads;
   609→        for (size_t t = 0; t + 1 < bounds.size(); t++) {
   610→            threads.emplace_back([&, t]() {
   611→                auto& local = thread_pairs[t];
   612→                for (size_t i = bounds[t]; i < bounds[t+1]; i++) {
   613→                    if (masks[i] & continent_bit) {
   614→                        auto it = remap.find(sorted[i].item_id);
   615→                        if (it != remap.end()) local.push_back({sorted[i].cell_id, it->second});
   616→                    }
   617→                }
   618→            });
   619→        }
   620→        for (auto& t : threads) t.join();
   621→        size_t total = 0;
   622→        for (auto& v : thread_pairs) total += v.size();
   623→        dst.reserve(total);
   624→        for (auto& v : thread_pairs) dst.insert(dst.end(), v.begin(), v.end());
   625→    };
   626→
   627→    // Admin remap still uses cell_in_bbox (no precomputed masks for admin hash map)
   628→    auto remap_cells_map = [&](const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>& src,
   629→                               const std::unordered_map<uint32_t, uint32_t>& remap,
   630→                               std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>& dst,
   631→                               bool handle_flags = false) {
   632→        for (const auto& [cell_id, ids] : src) {
   633→            if (!cell_in_bbox(cell_id, bbox)) continue;
   634→            std::vector<uint32_t> new_ids;
   635→            for (uint32_t id : ids) {
   636→                uint32_t raw_id = handle_flags ? (id & ID_MASK) : id;
   637→                uint32_t flags = handle_flags ? (id & INTERIOR_FLAG) : 0;
   638→                auto it = remap.find(raw_id);
   639→                if (it != remap.end()) new_ids.push_back(it->second | flags);
   640→            }
   641→            if (!new_ids.empty()) dst[cell_id] = std::move(new_ids);
   642→        }
   643→    };
   644→
   645→    {
   646→        auto f1 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ remap_sorted_masked(full.sorted_way_cells, way_masks, way_remap, out.sorted_way_cells); });
   647→        auto f2 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ remap_sorted_masked(full.sorted_addr_cells, addr_masks, addr_remap, out.sorted_addr_cells); });
   648→        auto f3 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ remap_sorted_masked(full.sorted_interp_cells, interp_masks, interp_remap, out.sorted_interp_cells); });
   649→        auto f4 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]{ remap_cells_map(full.cell_to_admin, admin_remap, out.cell_to_admin, true); });


grep -n "version\|VERSION\|magic\|header\|manifest" /root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/main.rs /root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp | head -20


/root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/main.rs:777:    ([(axum::http::header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")], json).into_response()
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:571:                            WayHeader header{}; header.node_offset = noff;
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:572:                            header.node_count = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::min(refs_size, size_t(255)));
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:573:                            local.ways.push_back(header);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:575:                            local.deferred_ways.push_back({wid, noff, header.node_count});
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:1331:        // Step 2: Reorder way headers by primary S2 cell + name.
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:1333:        // Way headers get updated node_offsets pointing to original positions.
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:1356:            // Build old→new mapping and reorder headers (node_offsets unchanged)
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:1378:        // Step 3: Reorder interpolation headers (same approach, nodes stay in place).
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:1602:    // --- Generate manifest.json ---
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:1651:        std::ofstream mf(output_dir + "/manifest.json");
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:1653:        mf << "  \"version\": 1,\n";
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:1731:        std::cerr << "Wrote " << output_dir << "/manifest.json" << std::endl;


     1→#pragma once
     2→
     3→#include <string>
     4→#include <unordered_map>
     5→#include <vector>
     6→
     7→#include "types.h"
     8→#include "parsed_data.h"
     9→
    10→std::vector<uint32_t> write_entries(
    11→    const std::string& path,
    12→    const std::vector<uint64_t>& sorted_cells,
    13→    const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>& cell_map);
    14→
    15→std::vector<uint32_t> write_entries_from_sorted(
    16→    const std::string& path,
    17→    const std::vector<uint64_t>& sorted_cells,
    18→    const std::vector<CellItemPair>& sorted_pairs);
    19→
    20→void write_cell_index(
    21→    const std::string& cells_path,
    22→    const std::string& entries_path,
    23→    const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>& cell_map);
    24→
    25→void write_index(const ParsedData& data, const std::string& output_dir, IndexMode mode);
    26→
    27→// Write admin polygon/vertex files with on-the-fly simplification at a given epsilon scale.
    28→// Scale 0 = uncapped (no simplification). Other files are symlinked/copied from source_dir.
    29→void write_quality_variant(const ParsedData& data, const std::string& source_dir,
    30→                           const std::string& output_dir, double epsilon_scale);
    31→


grep -n "write_qualities" /root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp | head -5


1433:    auto write_qualities = [&](const ParsedData& d, const std::string& admin_dir) {
1476:            write_qualities(d, admin_dir);


  1600→    log_phase("All index writing (total)", _pt, _cpu);
  1601→
  1602→    // --- Generate manifest.json ---
  1603→    {
  1604→        auto file_size = [](const std::string& path) -> int64_t {
  1605→            struct stat st;
  1606→            if (stat(path.c_str(), &st) == 0) return st.st_size;
  1607→            return -1;
  1608→        };
  1609→
  1610→        auto dir_size = [&](const std::string& dir, const std::vector<std::string>& files) -> int64_t {
  1611→            int64_t total = 0;
  1612→            for (const auto& f : files) {
  1613→                int64_t s = file_size(dir + "/" + f);
  1614→                if (s > 0) total += s;
  1615→            }
  1616→            return total;
  1617→        };
  1618→
  1619→        std::vector<std::string> admin_base_files = {
  1620→            "admin_cells.bin", "admin_entries.bin", "strings.bin"
  1621→        };
  1622→        std::vector<std::string> admin_quality_files = {
  1623→            "admin_polygons.bin", "admin_vertices.bin"
  1624→        };
  1625→        std::vector<std::string> street_files = {
  1626→            "street_ways.bin", "street_nodes.bin", "street_entries.bin"
  1627→        };
  1628→        std::vector<std::string> address_files = {
  1629→            "addr_points.bin", "addr_entries.bin",
  1630→            "interp_ways.bin", "interp_nodes.bin", "interp_entries.bin"
  1631→        };
  1632→        std::vector<std::string> geo_files = {"geo_cells.bin"};
  1633→
  1634→        // Build list of regions
  1635→        std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> regions; // (name, path)
  1636→        regions.push_back({"planet", output_dir});
  1637→        if (generate_continents) {
  1638→            for (size_t ci = 0; ci < kContinentCount; ci++) {
  1639→                regions.push_back({kContinents[ci].name,
  1640→                    output_dir + "/" + kContinents[ci].name});
  1641→            }
  1642→        }
  1643→
  1644→        // Quality level names
  1645→        auto quality_dir_name = [](double scale) -> std::string {
  1646→            if (scale == 0) return "uncapped";
  1647→            char buf[32]; snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "q%.4g", scale);
  1648→            return buf;
  1649→        };
  1650→
  1651→        std::ofstream mf(output_dir + "/manifest.json");
  1652→        mf << "{\n";
  1653→        mf << "  \"version\": 1,\n";
  1654→        mf << "  \"regions\": [\n";
  1655→
  1656→        for (size_t ri = 0; ri < regions.size(); ri++) {
  1657→            const auto& [rname, rpath] = regions[ri];
  1658→            mf << "    {\n";
  1659→            mf << "      \"name\": \"" << rname << "\",\n";
  1660→
  1661→            // Modes
  1662→            mf << "      \"modes\": {\n";
  1663→            if (multi_output) {
  1664→                // Full
  1665→                std::string full_dir = rpath + "/full";
  1666→                int64_t full_sz = dir_size(full_dir, geo_files) +
  1667→                    dir_size(full_dir, street_files) +
  1668→                    dir_size(full_dir, address_files) +
  1669→                    dir_size(full_dir, admin_base_files) +
  1670→                    dir_size(full_dir, admin_quality_files);
  1671→                mf << "        \"full\": {\"size\": " << full_sz << "},\n";
  1672→
  1673→                // Streets (no addresses)
  1674→                std::string na_dir = rpath + "/no-addresses";
  1675→                int64_t na_sz = dir_size(na_dir, geo_files) +
  1676→                    dir_size(na_dir, street_files) +
  1677→                    dir_size(na_dir, admin_base_files) +
  1678→                    dir_size(na_dir, admin_quality_files);
  1679→                mf << "        \"no-addresses\": {\"size\": " << na_sz << "},\n";
  1680→
  1681→                // Admin base (shared files)
  1682→                std::string admin_dir = rpath + "/admin";
  1683→                int64_t admin_base_sz = dir_size(admin_dir, admin_base_files);
  1684→                mf << "        \"admin\": {\"base_size\": " << admin_base_sz << "}\n";
  1685→            } else {
  1686→                int64_t sz = 0;
  1687→                for (const auto& lists : {geo_files, street_files, address_files,
  1688→                                          admin_base_files, admin_quality_files}) {
  1689→                    sz += dir_size(rpath, lists);
  1690→                }
  1691→                mf << "        \"" << (mode == IndexMode::Full ? "full" :
  1692→                    mode == IndexMode::NoAddresses ? "no-addresses" : "admin") << "\": {\"size\": " << sz << "}\n";
  1693→            }
  1694→            mf << "      },\n";
  1695→
  1696→            // Quality variants
  1697→            if (multi_quality) {
  1698→                std::string admin_dir = multi_output ? rpath + "/admin" : rpath;
  1699→                mf << "      \"qualities\": [\n";
  1700→                for (size_t qi = 0; qi < quality_scales.size(); qi++) {
  1701→                    double scale = quality_scales[qi];
  1702→                    std::string qname = quality_dir_name(scale);
  1703→                    std::string qdir = admin_dir + "/" + qname;
  1704→                    int64_t qsz = dir_size(qdir, admin_quality_files);
  1705→
  1706→                    // Compute epsilon values for this scale
  1707→                    double eps_l2 = (scale == 0) ? 0 : 500.0 * scale * kEpsilonScale;
  1708→                    double eps_l8 = (scale == 0) ? 0 : 15.0 * scale * kEpsilonScale;
  1709→
  1710→                    mf << "        {\"name\": \"" << qname << "\", \"scale\": " << scale
  1711→                       << ", \"size\": " << qsz
  1712→                       << ", \"epsilon_l2_m\": " << eps_l2
  1713→                       << ", \"epsilon_l8_m\": " << eps_l8
  1714→                       << "}";
  1715→                    if (qi + 1 < quality_scales.size()) mf << ",";
  1716→                    mf << "\n";
  1717→                }
  1718→                mf << "      ]\n";
  1719→            } else {
  1720→                mf << "      \"qualities\": []\n";
  1721→            }
  1722→
  1723→            mf << "    }";
  1724→            if (ri + 1 < regions.size()) mf << ",";
  1725→            mf << "\n";
  1726→        }
  1727→
  1728→        mf << "  ]\n";
  1729→        mf << "}\n";
  1730→
  1731→        std::cerr << "Wrote " << output_dir << "/manifest.json" << std::endl;
  1732→    }
  1733→
  1734→    std::cerr << "Done." << std::endl;
  1735→    return 0;
  1736→}
  1737→


  1433→    auto write_qualities = [&](const ParsedData& d, const std::string& admin_dir) {
  1434→        constexpr unsigned max_concurrent_qualities = 3;
  1435→        std::atomic<unsigned> active{0};
  1436→        std::mutex qmtx;
  1437→        std::condition_variable qcv;
  1438→        std::vector<std::future<void>> qfutures;
  1439→
  1440→        for (double scale : quality_scales) {
  1441→            {
  1442→                std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(qmtx);
  1443→                qcv.wait(lock, [&]{ return active.load() < max_concurrent_qualities; });
  1444→            }
  1445→            active.fetch_add(1);
  1446→
  1447→            std::string qname = quality_dir_name(scale);
  1448→            std::string qdir = admin_dir + "/" + qname;
  1449→            qfutures.push_back(std::async(std::launch::async, [&, qdir, scale]() {
  1450→                write_quality_variant(d, admin_dir, qdir, scale);
  1451→                active.fetch_sub(1);
  1452→                qcv.notify_one();
  1453→            }));
  1454→        }
  1455→        for (auto& f : qfutures) f.get();
  1456→    };
  1457→
  1458→    // Write one region: modes + quality variants


     1→#pragma once
     2→
     3→#include <cstdint>
     4→#include <vector>
     5→
     6→// --- Binary format structs (must match server's index reader) ---
     7→
     8→struct WayHeader {
     9→    uint32_t node_offset;
    10→    uint8_t node_count;
    11→    uint32_t name_id;
    12→};
    13→
    14→struct AddrPoint {
    15→    float lat;
    16→    float lng;
    17→    uint32_t housenumber_id;
    18→    uint32_t street_id;
    19→};
    20→
    21→struct InterpWay {
    22→    uint32_t node_offset;
    23→    uint8_t node_count;
    24→    uint32_t street_id;
    25→    uint32_t start_number;
    26→    uint32_t end_number;
    27→    uint8_t interpolation;
    28→};
    29→
    30→struct AdminPolygon {
    31→    uint32_t vertex_offset;
    32→    uint32_t vertex_count;
    33→    uint32_t name_id;
    34→    uint8_t admin_level;
    35→    float area;
    36→    uint16_t country_code;
    37→};
    38→
    39→struct NodeCoord {
    40→    float lat;
    41→    float lng;
    42→};
    43→
    44→// Sorted cell-item pair for direct entry writing (avoids hash map)
    45→struct CellItemPair {
    46→    uint64_t cell_id;
    47→    uint32_t item_id;
    48→};
    49→
    50→// --- Constants ---
    51→
    52→static const uint32_t INTERIOR_FLAG = 0x80000000u;
    53→static const uint32_t ID_MASK       = 0x7FFFFFFFu;
    54→static const uint32_t NO_DATA       = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
    55→
    56→// Simplification mode
    57→enum class SimplifyMode { MaxVertices, ErrorBounded };
    58→
    59→// Processing limits
    60→static constexpr size_t MAX_BLOCK_QUEUE         = 64;    // producer-consumer queue depth
    61→static constexpr int    MAX_NODE_COUNT          = 255;   // uint8_t node_count
    62→static constexpr int    MAX_VERTEX_COUNT        = 0x7FFFFFFF; // uint32_t vertex_count
    63→static constexpr int    MAX_S2_CELLS_PER_POLY   = 200;   // S2RegionCoverer max_cells
    64→static constexpr int    BACKTRACK_CALL_BUDGET   = 100000; // per-ring backtracking limit
    65→static constexpr int    BACKTRACK_TOTAL_BUDGET  = 500000; // per-relation backtracking limit
    66→static constexpr int    BACKTRACK_MAX_DEPTH     = 200;    // recursion depth limit
    67→static constexpr size_t MAX_SUBWAYS_FOR_RETRY   = 30;     // only retry small relations
    68→static constexpr size_t MAX_NODE_ID_DEFAULT     = 15000000000ULL; // dense index capacity
    69→
    70→// --- Index mode ---
    71→
    72→enum class IndexMode { Full, NoAddresses, AdminOnly };
    73→
    74→// --- Deferred S2 work items ---
    75→
    76→struct DeferredWay {
    77→    uint32_t way_id;
    78→    uint32_t node_offset;
    79→    uint8_t node_count;
    80→};
    81→
    82→struct DeferredInterp {
    83→    uint32_t interp_id;
    84→    uint32_t node_offset;
    85→    uint8_t node_count;
    86→};
    87→
    88→// Collected relation data for parallel admin assembly
    89→struct CollectedRelation {
    90→    int64_t id;
    91→    uint8_t admin_level;
    92→    std::string name;
    93→    std::string country_code;
    94→    bool is_postal;
    95→    std::vector<std::pair<int64_t, std::string>> members; // (way_id, role)
    96→};
    97→


grep -r "manifest" /root/traccar-geocoder/server/src --include="*.rs"


(Bash completed with no output)


total 7783
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root        6 Mar 24 22:15 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root       10 Mar 26 20:19 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   154460 Mar 23 16:27 comparison.geojson
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     5349 Mar 24 22:15 simplification_map.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14822689 Mar 23 23:22 simplification_viewer.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    13274 Mar 23 23:04 simplify_compare.cpp


grep -A 10 "fn for_each_entry" /root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/main.rs


    fn for_each_entry(entries: &[u8], offset: u32, mut f: impl FnMut(u32)) {
        if offset == NO_DATA { return; }
        let offset = offset as usize;
        if offset + 2 > entries.len() { return; }

        let id_count = Self::read_u16(entries, offset) as usize;
        let data_start = offset + 2;
        if data_start + id_count * 4 > entries.len() { return; }

        for i in 0..id_count {
            f(Self::read_u32(entries, data_start + i * 4));


     1→# Build Optimization Log
     2→
     3→## Final Result: 54m → 12m 22s (77% faster)
     4→
     5→Build: `--multi-output --continents --multi-quality`
     6→Output: 379 files, 91 GiB (planet + 8 continents × 3 modes × 7 quality levels)
     7→Machine: Node 3 — 32-core / 174 GiB RAM
     8→Validated: planet output identical to pre-optimization baseline
     9→
    10→## Phase Breakdown (Node 3)
    11→
    12→| Phase | Baseline (54m) | Final (12m 22s) | Speedup |
    13→|---|---|---|---|
    14→| Pass 1: relations | 46.6s | **3.9-7s** | 7-12x |
    15→| Pass 2: nodes | 184.4s | **80-106s** | 1.7-2.3x |
    16→| Pass 2b: ways | 132.3s | **88-115s** | 1.1-1.5x |
    17→| Admin S2 drain | 134.4s | 109-132s | ~same |
    18→| S2 street ways | 136.9s | 129-155s | ~same |
    19→| Rebuild cell maps | 224.2s | **0s** | eliminated |
    20→| Dedup | (in S2) | 38-55s | — |
    21→| Continent processing | 2087.5s | **60-131s** | 16-35x |
    22→| **Total** | **54m 1.7s** | **12m 22s** | **4.4x** |
    23→
    24→## All Optimizations (30+)
    25→
    26→### Custom PBF Reader (replaced osmium)
    27→1. Parallel PBF reader with per-thread fds and pread
    28→2. Streaming node decode — no PbfNode objects, inline callback
    29→3. Streaming way decode — no PbfWay objects, inline callback
    30→4. Zero-copy varint decode for dense nodes
    31→5. Binary search blob classification (32 decompressions vs 50K)
    32→6. Reusable decompression buffer + z_stream per thread
    33→7. Flat way_refs array (eliminates per-way vector allocation)
    34→8. PbfBlock reuse across iterations (keeps vector capacity)
    35→9. Zero-copy tag storage (string table indices, not copies)
    36→10. posix_fadvise WILLNEED for page cache warming
    37→11. Single-pass tag extraction + early exit for irrelevant ways
    38→12. Bitset admin way lookup (replaces hash set)
    39→13. First-character switch for highway/tag comparisons
    40→
    41→### Data Processing
    42→14. Parallel continents (4 concurrent, largest-first by bbox area)
    43→15. Eliminated planet cell map rebuild (filter from sorted pairs)
    44→16. Parallel remap in filter_by_bbox
    45→17. Parallel mode writes (full/no-addresses/admin simultaneously)
    46→18. Parallel quality variants (3 concurrent)
    47→19. Sorted pair filtering (cache-friendly linear scan)
    48→20. Parallel chunked scanning per continent
    49→21. Parallel per-cell dedup
    50→22. Admin polygon sorting (largest-first for work-stealing)
    51→23. Worker threads = N-1
    52→24. Deterministic interp resolution (lexicographic tiebreaker)
    53→25. Sorted pair remap for continents (fixes street_entries bug)
    54→26. Precomputed continent bitmasks (1 S2 lookup per cell instead of 8)
    55→27. Bitset ID collection for continent filtering (replaces hash set)
    56→28. Per-thread bitsets to avoid race conditions
    57→29. MADV_HUGEPAGE on dense node index
    58→
    59→### Continent Boundaries
    60→30. Geofabrik .poly files for continent boundaries
    61→31. Coordinate-level polygon filtering (point-in-polygon per item)
    62→32. Any-node-inside way matching (matches Geofabrik behavior)
    63→
    64→### Quality Variants
    65→33. Never drop polygons — binary search for minimum epsilon preserving ≥4 vertices
    66→
    67→### Profiling
    68→34. Per-phase CPU/memory profiling (getrusage + /proc/self/statm)
    69→35. Per-thread read/decode/callback timing in streaming readers
    70→
    71→## Bug Fixes
    72→- Continent street_entries.bin was empty (fixed by sorted pair remap)
    73→- Deterministic interp resolution (old code had nondeterministic last-wins)
    74→- PBF way callback used return instead of continue (skipped 50% of ways)
    75→- Race condition in continent bitset (per-thread bitsets fix)
    76→- Polygons dropped during quality simplification (min-vertex enforcement)
    77→
    78→## Multi-Machine Results
    79→
    80→| Machine | Cores | RAM | Build Time |
    81→|---|---|---|---|
    82→| Node 3 (Newer CPU) | 32 | 174 GiB | **12m 22s** |
    83→| Node 2b (E5-2699A v4) | 80 (cgroup) | 192 GiB | ~22-27m (I/O bound) |
    84→
    85→Node 2b is slower despite more cores due to older CPU, slower storage, and
    86→NUMA effects on the 111 GiB dense index. The fadvise optimization helps
    87→significantly (72% faster reads) but the machine's I/O subsystem limits
    88→parallel pread throughput.
    89→


grep -A 20 "fn lookup_geo_cell" /root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/main.rs


    fn lookup_geo_cell(cells: &[u8], cell_id: u64) -> GeoCellOffsets {
        let entry_size: usize = 20;
        let count = cells.len() / entry_size;
        let empty = GeoCellOffsets { street: NO_DATA, addr: NO_DATA, interp: NO_DATA };
        if count == 0 { return empty; }

        let mut lo = 0usize;
        let mut hi = count;
        while lo < hi {
            let mid = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
            let mid_id = Self::read_u64(cells, mid * entry_size);
            if mid_id == cell_id {
                return GeoCellOffsets {
                    street: Self::read_u32(cells, mid * entry_size + 8),
                    addr: Self::read_u32(cells, mid * entry_size + 12),
                    interp: Self::read_u32(cells, mid * entry_size + 16),
                };
            } else if mid_id < cell_id {
                lo = mid + 1;
            } else {
                hi = mid;


grep -A 20 "fn lookup_admin_cell" /root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/main.rs


    fn lookup_admin_cell(cells: &[u8], cell_id: u64) -> u32 {
        let entry_size: usize = 12;
        let count = cells.len() / entry_size;
        if count == 0 { return NO_DATA; }

        let mut lo = 0usize;
        let mut hi = count;
        while lo < hi {
            let mid = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
            let mid_id = Self::read_u64(cells, mid * entry_size);
            if mid_id == cell_id {
                return Self::read_u32(cells, mid * entry_size + 8);
            } else if mid_id < cell_id {
                lo = mid + 1;
            } else {
                hi = mid;
            }
        }
        NO_DATA
    }


grep -B 3 -A 3 "offset as usize\|id as usize" /root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/main.rs | head -60


    }

    fn get_string(&self, offset: u32) -> &str {
        let bytes = &self.strings[offset as usize..];
        let end = bytes.iter().position(|&b| b == 0).unwrap_or(bytes.len());
        std::str::from_utf8(&bytes[..end]).unwrap_or("")
    }
--
    // Iterate entry IDs inline from entries file at given offset
    fn for_each_entry(entries: &[u8], offset: u32, mut f: impl FnMut(u32)) {
        if offset == NO_DATA { return; }
        let offset = offset as usize;
        if offset + 2 > entries.len() { return; }

        let id_count = Self::read_u16(entries, offset) as usize;
--
            // Addresses
            if let Some(ref addr_entries) = self.addr_entries {
                Self::for_each_entry(addr_entries, offsets.addr, |id| {
                    let point = &all_points[id as usize];
                    let dlat = (point.lat as f64 - lat).to_radians();
                    let dlng = (point.lng as f64 - lng).to_radians();
                    let dist = dist_sq(dlat, dlng, cos_lat);
--

            // Streets
            Self::for_each_entry(street_entries, offsets.street, |id| {
                let slot = (id as usize) & 0x3F;
                if seen_streets[slot] == id { return; }
                seen_streets[slot] = id;

                let way = &all_ways[id as usize];
                let offset = way.node_offset as usize;
                let count = way.node_count as usize;
                let nodes = &all_street_nodes[offset..offset + count];

--
            // Interpolation
            if let Some(ref interp_entries) = self.interp_entries {
                Self::for_each_entry(interp_entries, offsets.interp, |id| {
                    let iw = &all_interps[id as usize];
                    if iw.start_number == 0 || iw.end_number == 0 { return; }

                    let offset = iw.node_offset as usize;
                    let count = iw.node_count as usize;
                    let nodes = &all_interp_nodes[offset..offset + count];

--

                // Interior cells skip point-in-polygon test
                if is_interior || point_in_polygon(lat as f32, lng as f32, {
                    let offset = poly.vertex_offset as usize;
                    let count = poly.vertex_count as usize;
                    &all_vertices[offset..offset + count]
                }) {


cat > /tmp/check_sizes.txt << 'EOF'
struct WayHeader {
  uint32_t node_offset;  // 4 bytes
  uint8_t node_count;    // 1 byte
  uint32_t name_id;      // 4 bytes
};                       // Total: 9 bytes (no padding)

struct AddrPoint {
  float lat;             // 4 bytes
  float lng;             // 4 bytes
  uint32_t housenumber_id; // 4 bytes
  uint32_t street_id;    // 4 bytes
};                       // Total: 16 bytes

struct InterpWay {
  uint32_t node_offset;  // 4 bytes
  uint8_t node_count;    // 1 byte
  uint32_t street_id;    // 4 bytes
  uint32_t start_number; // 4 bytes
  uint32_t end_number;   // 4 bytes
  uint8_t interpolation; // 1 byte
};                       // Total: 18 bytes (or 19 with padding)

struct AdminPolygon {
  uint32_t vertex_offset;  // 4 bytes
  uint32_t vertex_count;   // 4 bytes
  uint32_t name_id;        // 4 bytes
  uint8_t admin_level;     // 1 byte
  float area;              // 4 bytes
  uint16_t country_code;   // 2 bytes
};                         // Total: 19 bytes (or more with padding)

struct NodeCoord {
  float lat;             // 4 bytes
  float lng;             // 4 bytes
};                       // Total: 8 bytes
EOF
cat /tmp/check_sizes.txt


struct WayHeader {
  uint32_t node_offset;  // 4 bytes
  uint8_t node_count;    // 1 byte
  uint32_t name_id;      // 4 bytes
};                       // Total: 9 bytes (no padding)

struct AddrPoint {
  float lat;             // 4 bytes
  float lng;             // 4 bytes
  uint32_t housenumber_id; // 4 bytes
  uint32_t street_id;    // 4 bytes
};                       // Total: 16 bytes

struct InterpWay {
  uint32_t node_offset;  // 4 bytes
  uint8_t node_count;    // 1 byte
  uint32_t street_id;    // 4 bytes
  uint32_t start_number; // 4 bytes
  uint32_t end_number;   // 4 bytes
  uint8_t interpolation; // 1 byte
};                       // Total: 18 bytes (or 19 with padding)

struct AdminPolygon {
  uint32_t vertex_offset;  // 4 bytes
  uint32_t vertex_count;   // 4 bytes
  uint32_t name_id;        // 4 bytes
  uint8_t admin_level;     // 1 byte
  float area;              // 4 bytes
  uint16_t country_code;   // 2 bytes
};                         // Total: 19 bytes (or more with padding)

struct NodeCoord {
  float lat;             // 4 bytes
  float lng;             // 4 bytes
};                       // Total: 8 bytes


grep -A 8 "struct WayHeader\|struct AddrPoint\|struct InterpWay\|struct AdminPolygon\|struct NodeCoord" /root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/types.h


struct WayHeader {
    uint32_t node_offset;
    uint8_t node_count;
    uint32_t name_id;
};

struct AddrPoint {
    float lat;
    float lng;
    uint32_t housenumber_id;
    uint32_t street_id;
};

struct InterpWay {
    uint32_t node_offset;
    uint8_t node_count;
    uint32_t street_id;
    uint32_t start_number;
    uint32_t end_number;
    uint8_t interpolation;
};

struct AdminPolygon {
    uint32_t vertex_offset;
    uint32_t vertex_count;
    uint32_t name_id;
    uint8_t admin_level;
    float area;
    uint16_t country_code;
};

struct NodeCoord {
    float lat;
    float lng;
};

// Sorted cell-item pair for direct entry writing (avoids hash map)
struct CellItemPair {
    uint64_t cell_id;
    uint32_t item_id;


grep -B 5 -A 5 "std::mem::size_of" /root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/main.rs | head -40


        let empty_addr: &[AddrPoint] = &[];
        let all_points: &[AddrPoint] = if let Some(ref m) = self.addr_points {
            unsafe {
                std::slice::from_raw_parts(
                    m.as_ptr() as *const AddrPoint,
                    m.len() / std::mem::size_of::<AddrPoint>(),
                )
            }
        } else {
            empty_addr
        };
        let all_ways: &[WayHeader] = unsafe {
            std::slice::from_raw_parts(
                street_ways_mmap.as_ptr() as *const WayHeader,
                street_ways_mmap.len() / std::mem::size_of::<WayHeader>(),
            )
        };
        let all_street_nodes: &[NodeCoord] = unsafe {
            std::slice::from_raw_parts(
                street_nodes_mmap.as_ptr() as *const NodeCoord,
                street_nodes_mmap.len() / std::mem::size_of::<NodeCoord>(),
            )
        };
        let empty_interp: &[InterpWay] = &[];
        let all_interps: &[InterpWay] = if let Some(ref m) = self.interp_ways {
            unsafe {
                std::slice::from_raw_parts(
                    m.as_ptr() as *const InterpWay,
                    m.len() / std::mem::size_of::<InterpWay>(),
                )
            }
        } else {
            empty_interp
        };
        let empty_interp_nodes: &[NodeCoord] = &[];
        let all_interp_nodes: &[NodeCoord] = if let Some(ref m) = self.interp_nodes {
            unsafe {
                std::slice::from_raw_parts(
                    m.as_ptr() as *const NodeCoord,
                    m.len() / std::mem::size_of::<NodeCoord>(),


Excellent! Now I have comprehensive information. Let me create a detailed summary of all the findings:

## Summary: Traccar Geocoder Codebase Analysis

### 1. **Patch Generation/Delta Tools**

No existing patch generation tools found in the codebase. However, there is a robust **comparison infrastructure**:

**Comparison Tools (builder/test/):**
- **`compare_indexes.cpp`** - Semantic comparison tool that:
  - Decodes all binary files (ways, addresses, admin, interpolations)
  - Creates canonical fingerprints for each item (name + sorted coordinates at 1e5 grid precision)
  - Compares collections as multisets (handles parallel/sequential ordering differences)
  - Two comparison modes:
    - **Exact**: Full coordinate precision fingerprinting
    - **Semantic**: Cross-version comparison using coarse grid (100m precision) and name/count only
  - Returns 0 if identical, 1 if different; reports missing/extra item counts

- **`deep_compare.cpp`** - Boundary analysis tool that:
  - Shows sample items only in directory A vs directory B
  - Reports first/last node coordinates for ways
  - Identifies edge differences for understanding filter boundaries
  - Customizable output (--ways, --addrs, --admins, --limit N)

**Fingerprint Strategy:**
```cpp
way_fingerprint: "name|node_count|sorted_grid_coords"
addr_fingerprint: "grid_lat,grid_lng|housenumber|street"
admin_fingerprint: "name|admin_level|country|sorted_grid_vertices"
interp_fingerprint: "street|start-end|interp_type|sorted_grid_nodes"
```

### 2. **Manifest.json Structure**

Generated at end of build process (`/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp` lines 1602-1732):

```json
{
  "version": 1,
  "regions": [
    {
      "name": "planet|continent_name",
      "modes": {
        "full": { "size": <bytes> },
        "no-addresses": { "size": <bytes> },
        "admin": { "base_size": <bytes> }
      },
      "qualities": [
        {
          "name": "uncapped|q<scale>",
          "scale": <float>,
          "size": <bytes>,
          "epsilon_l2_m": <meters>,
          "epsilon_l8_m": <meters>
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
```

**Key Characteristics:**
- Single manifest covers all regions (planet + 8 continents if `--continents` flag set)
- Multi-mode support: Full (streets+addresses), NoAddresses (streets only), AdminOnly
- Quality variants track simplification levels (0=uncapped, then scaled 0.2-2.5x)
- File sizes calculated from directory entries for download planning
- Regions fully independent — can be distributed separately

### 3. **Semantic Comparison Strategy**

The `compare_indexes.cpp` and `deep_compare.cpp` demonstrate a **multiset-based semantic comparison** rather than binary-exact:

**How Comparison Works (compare_indexes.cpp):**
1. Load all items from both directories
2. For each item type (ways, addresses, admin, interps):
   - Build fingerprint from canonical form (sorted coordinates + metadata)
   - Create frequency map of fingerprints
   - Compare as multisets: count missing/extra fingerprints
3. **Result**: Reports counts of matched items and differences

**Tolerances:**
- Exact mode: 1e5 precision (roughly 1m grid)
- Semantic mode: 1e3 precision (roughly 100m grid) for cross-version comparison
- Ways considered equal if: same name + same set of nodes (order-independent)
- Addresses considered equal if: same housenumber + street + coarse position
- Admin equal if: same name + level (vertices can differ slightly)

### 4. **Continent Filtering Pipeline**

The system produces region-specific indexes via **bbox + polygon filtering** with three optimization levels:

**Phase 1: Precompute Continent Bitmasks** (lines 1487-1548)
```
For each unique S2 cell_id in sorted pairs:
  - Compute S2LatLng center
  - Test against continent polygons (loaded from Geofabrik .poly files)
  - Set bit i if cell center is in continent i
  - Store as parallel uint8_t masks array (one entry per sorted pair)
```

**Phase 2: Fast Bitset-Based Filtering** (continent_filter.cpp lines 440-487)
```
filter_sorted_masked():
  - For each sorted pair, check if masks[i] & continent_bit
  - Use per-thread bitsets to collect matching item IDs (avoids hash set)
  - Merge bitsets with OR operation
  - Extract sorted ID vector (in ascending order)
```

**Phase 3: Parallel Chunked Remapping** (continent_filter.cpp lines 591-625)
```
remap_sorted_masked():
  - Scan sorted pairs at cell boundaries (parallel chunks)
  - Check mask, then remap old_id → new_id
  - Each thread builds local CellItemPair vector
  - Concatenate (already in sorted order)
```

**Key Optimization:**
- Precomputed masks: **eliminates 8 cell_in_bbox() calls per cell** → 16-35x speedup
- Coordinate-level polygon test as secondary filter (matches Geofabrik behavior)
- Any-node-inside matching for ways (if ANY node is inside polygon, include way)

**Output per Continent:**
- Compressed data structures (sorted pairs instead of hash maps)
- Rewritten cell indices pointing to new data offsets
- Deduplicated string pool (only strings referenced in filtered data)
- Parallel interior flag handling for admin boundaries

### 5. **Download/Distribution Mechanism**

**Distribution Structure:**
```
output_dir/
├── manifest.json              # Single manifest covering all regions
├── planet/                    # Full planet data
│   ├── full/                 # All modes written in parallel
│   │   ├── *_cells.bin
│   │   ├── *_entries.bin
│   │   ├── *_ways.bin, etc.
│   ├── no-addresses/
│   ├── admin/
│   │   ├── admin_polygons.bin (base shared)
│   │   ├── uncapped/, q0.2/, q0.5/, ... (quality variants)
├── africa/                    # Per-continent (if --continents flag)
│   ├── full/, no-addresses/, admin/
│   ├── admin/ (with quality subdirs)
├── asia/, europe/, ... (8 total continents)
```

**Distribution Strategy:**
1. Single `manifest.json` lists all available regions/modes
2. Client selects region (planet or continent) and mode
3. Downloads 14 binary files for selected combination
4. Quality variants optional (stored separately from base)

**File Sharing:**
- Admin base files (`admin_cells.bin`, `admin_entries.bin`, `strings.bin`) shared across quality levels
- Quality variants only contain changed files (`admin_polygons.bin`, `admin_vertices.bin`)
- Reduces storage: full build is ~91 GiB for planet + 8 continents × 3 modes × 7 qualities

**No Download Tool in Builder:** Distribution is expected to be handled externally (e.g., HTTP server, CDN). The builder only produces the files.

### 6. **Index File Production (write_index & write_entries_from_sorted)**

**Entry Production from In-Memory Data** (cell_index.cpp lines 56-133):

```cpp
write_entries_from_sorted():
  Input: sorted_cells (vector of unique uint64_t), sorted_pairs (CellItemPair array)

  1. Split sorted_pairs into N threads by cell boundaries (keep cell together)
  2. Each thread builds entry buffer for its chunk:
     - For each matching cell, write: [uint16_t count][uint32_t item_id ...]
     - Track offsets relative to thread start
  3. Merge thread offsets to global offsets
  4. Concatenate all thread buffers into single file
```

**Geographic Index Production** (cell_index.cpp lines 159-284):

```cpp
write_index():

  1. Extract unique cells from sorted_way/addr/interp_cells
  2. Merge into single sorted geo_cells list (with duplicates removed)
  3. Write geo_cells.bin: [uint64_t cell_id][uint32_t street_offset][uint32_t addr_offset][uint32_t interp_offset]
  4. Write entries in parallel:
     - street_entries.bin: per-cell street way IDs
     - addr_entries.bin: per-cell address point IDs
     - interp_entries.bin: per-cell interpolation way IDs
  5. Write data arrays:
     - street_ways.bin: WayHeader structs
     - street_nodes.bin: NodeCoord structs
     - addr_points.bin: AddrPoint structs (lat, lng, housenumber_id, street_id)
     - interp_ways.bin: InterpWay structs
     - interp_nodes.bin: NodeCoord structs
  6. Write admin in parallel:
     - admin_cells.bin: [uint64_t cell_id][uint32_t offset]
     - admin_entries.bin: [uint16_t count][uint32_t polygon_id ...]
     - admin_polygons.bin: AdminPolygon structs
     - admin_vertices.bin: NodeCoord structs
  7. Write strings.bin: deduplicated null-terminated strings
  8. Compact if needed (AdminOnly or NoAddresses modes)
```

**Quality Variant Production** (cell_index.cpp lines 387-469):

```cpp
write_quality_variant():
  Input: ParsedData, source_dir (admin files to read), output_dir, epsilon_scale

  1. For each admin polygon:
     - Extract vertices from source
     - Simplify using RDP with epsilon_scale × per-level defaults
     - Ensure ≥3 vertices (binary search for minimum epsilon preserving vertices)
  2. Build new vertex array (reindexed)
  3. Write admin_polygons.bin (reindexed), admin_vertices.bin
  4. Other files symlinked/copied from source_dir
```

**Parallelization:**
- Threads = hardware_concurrency - 1
- Entry writing uses per-thread buffering (no locks)
- Quality variants limited to 3 concurrent (CPU-bound simplification)
- Multi-output (full/no-addresses/admin) all 3 modes written simultaneously

### File Inventory (14 files per index mode)

| File | Content | Size Estimate |
|------|---------|----------------|
| `geo_cells.bin` | S2 cell index (merged ways+addrs+interps) | 5-50 MB |
| `street_entries.bin` | Way IDs per cell | 10-100 MB |
| `street_ways.bin` | WayHeader (offset, count, name_id) | 10-100 MB |
| `street_nodes.bin` | NodeCoord (lat, lng) for ways | 100 MB-1 GB |
| `addr_entries.bin` | Address point IDs per cell | 1-20 MB |
| `addr_points.bin` | AddrPoint (lat, lng, house#, street) | 50-500 MB |
| `interp_entries.bin` | Interpolation way IDs per cell | 1-10 MB |
| `interp_ways.bin` | InterpWay headers | 10-100 MB |
| `interp_nodes.bin` | NodeCoord for interpolations | 10-100 MB |
| `admin_cells.bin` | S2 cell index for boundaries | 1-10 MB |
| `admin_entries.bin` | Polygon IDs per cell | 1-10 MB |
| `admin_polygons.bin` | AdminPolygon metadata | 1-10 MB |
| `admin_vertices.bin` | NodeCoord for polygon boundaries | 50-500 MB |
| `strings.bin` | Deduplicated string pool (names, streets, etc.) | 10-100 MB |

---

**Key Files for Reference:**
- `/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp` - Write functions (lines 18-469)
- `/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.h` - Function signatures
- `/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp` - Main orchestration (lines 1459-1732 for manifest + continent processing)
- `/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/continent_filter.cpp` - Filter implementation (lines 35-650)
- `/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/test/compare_indexes.cpp` - Semantic comparison (full file)
- `/root/traccar-geocoder/README.md` - Distribution format documentation

Prompt:
Search the codebase at /root/traccar-geocoder/ for:
1. Any existing patch generation or delta tools (builder/tools/, scripts, etc.)
2. The manifest.json that gets written - what's in it?
3. The compare_indexes.cpp and deep_compare.cpp tools - how do they compare files semantically?
4. How the continent filter produces filtered data (filter_by_bbox_masked, filter_and_remap_sorted) - this shows how data is extracted per-region and might inform the patch design
5. Any download/distribution mechanism for the index files

Also look at builder/src/cell_index.cpp for write_entries_from_sorted and write_index to understand exactly how each file is produced from the in-memory data structures.


Perfect! Now I have all the information needed. Let me compile a comprehensive report on the binary format requirements.

## Summary: Traccar Geocoder Binary Index File Format

I've completed a thorough analysis of how the Rust server reads and uses the binary index files. Here are the critical findings for designing a custom patching tool:

---

### 1. **File Loading Mechanism**

**Method**: Memory-mapped files (mmap) using the `memmap2` crate
- Files are opened with `File::open()` and memory-mapped with `Mmap::map()`
- Safe operation: bounds checking is performed on reads
- No separate "unload" - files remain mapped for the server's lifetime

**Dependency Rules**:
- If `geo_cells.bin` exists, then `street_entries.bin`, `street_ways.bin`, and `street_nodes.bin` are **required**
- `addr_entries.bin`, `addr_points.bin`, `interp_entries.bin`, `interp_ways.bin`, `interp_nodes.bin` are **optional** (depend on index mode)
- `admin_cells.bin`, `admin_entries.bin`, `admin_polygons.bin`, `admin_vertices.bin`, `strings.bin` are **always required**

---

### 2. **Binary File Formats and Lookup Methods**

#### **geo_cells.bin** - Binary-searchable index
**Format**: Fixed-size entries, **sorted by cell_id (ascending)**
- Entry size: 20 bytes per entry
- Structure per entry:
  - Bytes 0-7: `uint64_t cell_id` (cell ID, little-endian)
  - Bytes 8-11: `uint32_t street_offset` (offset into street_entries.bin, little-endian)
  - Bytes 12-15: `uint32_t addr_offset` (offset into addr_entries.bin, little-endian)
  - Bytes 16-19: `uint32_t interp_offset` (offset into interp_entries.bin, little-endian)
- **Lookup**: Binary search (requires **strict ascending sort** by cell_id)
- **Validation**: Server divides file size by 20 to get entry count; no bounds checking on individual offsets

#### **street_entries.bin / addr_entries.bin / interp_entries.bin** - Variable-length entry lists
**Format**: Variable-length records referenced by offset from geo_cells.bin
- No fixed record size; records are variable-length
- Record structure:
  - Bytes 0-1: `uint16_t count` (number of IDs in this entry, little-endian)
  - Bytes 2+: `count * uint32_t` (array of record IDs, little-endian)
- **Offset reference**: Value from geo_cells.bin or admin_cells.bin points to the start of count field
- **Special value**: `0xFFFFFFFF` (NO_DATA) means "no data for this cell"
- **Lookup**: Read count, then iterate through IDs

#### **street_ways.bin** - Fixed-size array of WayHeader
**Format**: Tightly-packed array, indexed by ID from entries files
```
struct WayHeader {
  uint32_t node_offset;    // 4 bytes: offset into street_nodes.bin
  uint8_t node_count;      // 1 byte: number of nodes for this way
  uint32_t name_id;        // 4 bytes: offset into strings.bin
};  // Total: 9 bytes per entry, NO padding
```
- **Size**: File size divided by 9 = number of ways
- **Access**: `all_ways[id as usize]` where `id` comes from street_entries.bin
- **Critical**: No padding between entries; strictly 9 bytes per entry

#### **addr_points.bin** - Fixed-size array of AddrPoint
**Format**: Tightly-packed array, indexed by ID from entries files
```
struct AddrPoint {
  float lat;                  // 4 bytes: latitude
  float lng;                  // 4 bytes: longitude
  uint32_t housenumber_id;   // 4 bytes: offset into strings.bin
  uint32_t street_id;        // 4 bytes: offset into strings.bin
};  // Total: 16 bytes per entry
```
- **Size**: File size divided by 16 = number of address points
- **Access**: `all_points[id as usize]` where `id` comes from addr_entries.bin
- **Float format**: IEEE 754 single-precision (little-endian)

#### **interp_ways.bin** - Fixed-size array of InterpWay
**Format**: Tightly-packed array, indexed by ID from entries files
```
struct InterpWay {
  uint32_t node_offset;     // 4 bytes: offset into interp_nodes.bin
  uint8_t node_count;       // 1 byte: number of nodes for this way
  uint32_t street_id;       // 4 bytes: offset into strings.bin
  uint32_t start_number;    // 4 bytes: start house number
  uint32_t end_number;      // 4 bytes: end house number
  uint8_t interpolation;    // 1 byte: interpolation mode (1=odd, 2=even, else=all)
};  // Total: 18 bytes per entry (C++ may add 1 byte padding for alignment)
```
- **Size**: File size divided by 18 (or 19 if padded) = number of interpolation ways
- **Access**: `all_interps[id as usize]` where `id` comes from interp_entries.bin

#### **street_nodes.bin / interp_nodes.bin** - Fixed-size array of NodeCoord
**Format**: Tightly-packed array, indexed by offset from ways files
```
struct NodeCoord {
  float lat;   // 4 bytes: latitude (IEEE 754)
  float lng;   // 4 bytes: longitude (IEEE 754)
};  // Total: 8 bytes per entry
```
- **Access**: `all_nodes[offset..offset + count]` where offset/count come from WayHeader
- **Critical**: Slicing by offset and count; no validation that slice stays in bounds

#### **admin_cells.bin** - Binary-searchable index
**Format**: Fixed-size entries, **sorted by cell_id (ascending)**
- Entry size: 12 bytes per entry
- Structure per entry:
  - Bytes 0-7: `uint64_t cell_id` (cell ID, little-endian)
  - Bytes 8-11: `uint32_t offset` (offset into admin_entries.bin, little-endian)
- **Lookup**: Binary search (requires **strict ascending sort** by cell_id)
- **Special value**: `0xFFFFFFFF` (NO_DATA) means "no data for this cell"

#### **admin_entries.bin** - Variable-length entry lists
**Format**: Variable-length records referenced by offset from admin_cells.bin
- Record structure:
  - Bytes 0-1: `uint16_t count` (number of IDs in this entry, little-endian)
  - Bytes 2+: `count * uint32_t` (array of polygon IDs with flags, little-endian)
    - Bit 31 (0x80000000): Interior flag (skips point-in-polygon test if set)
    - Bits 0-30 (0x7FFFFFFF): Polygon ID for indexing into admin_polygons.bin
- **Lookup**: Read count, iterate through IDs (masking off flag bits)

#### **admin_polygons.bin** - Fixed-size array of AdminPolygon
**Format**: Tightly-packed array, indexed by ID from admin_entries.bin
```
struct AdminPolygon {
  uint32_t vertex_offset;   // 4 bytes: offset into admin_vertices.bin
  uint32_t vertex_count;    // 4 bytes: number of vertices for this polygon
  uint32_t name_id;         // 4 bytes: offset into strings.bin
  uint8_t admin_level;      // 1 byte: administrative level (2=country, 4=state, 6=county, 8=city, 11=postcode, etc.)
  float area;               // 4 bytes: polygon area (unused for priority)
  uint16_t country_code;    // 2 bytes: ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code (e.g., 'US')
};  // Total: 19 bytes per entry (may have 1 byte padding for alignment)
```
- **Size**: File size divided by 19 (or 20 if padded) = number of polygons
- **Access**: `all_polygons[id as usize]` where `id` comes from admin_entries.bin (with ID_MASK applied)

#### **admin_vertices.bin** - Fixed-size array of NodeCoord
**Format**: Tightly-packed array, indexed by offset from polygons file
- Same structure as street_nodes.bin and interp_nodes.bin
- **Access**: `all_vertices[offset..offset + count]` where offset/count come from AdminPolygon

#### **strings.bin** - Null-terminated string pool
**Format**: Flat buffer of null-terminated strings, no length prefix
- Strings are concatenated directly without length prefixes
- String boundaries are found by searching for null byte (0x00)
- **Offset reference**: Values in ways, polygons, and points files contain byte offsets into this file
- **Access**: `&strings[offset as usize..]` then read until null terminator
- **String reading**: `std::str::from_utf8(&bytes[..end]).unwrap_or("")` (silent invalid UTF-8 fallback)

---

### 3. **Format Constraints for Patching**

**CRITICAL SORTING REQUIREMENTS:**
1. **geo_cells.bin**: MUST be sorted by cell_id (ascending). Binary search will fail silently if not sorted.
2. **admin_cells.bin**: MUST be sorted by cell_id (ascending). Binary search will fail silently if not sorted.

**CONTIGUITY & ALIGNMENT:**
- **Fixed-size arrays** (ways, points, nodes, polygons) are cast directly from mmap using pointer arithmetic
- Files MUST be contiguous and properly laid out in order
- **No validation**: The server does not check if record counts match file sizes. You can have a 100-byte file interpreted as varying numbers of 9, 16, 18, or 8-byte records.
- **Unaligned access**: The server uses direct pointer casting. Misaligned structs WILL cause undefined behavior on some architectures (though x86 tolerates it).

**BOUNDS CHECKING:**
- For entry lists (entries files): Server checks `offset + 2 > entries.len()` before reading count, and `data_start + id_count * 4 > entries.len()` before iterating.
- For string reads: Server checks `offset as usize < strings.len()` implicitly (Rust slicing), then searches for null.
- For node slices: Server does NOT validate `offset + count <= nodes.len()` - a slice out of bounds will panic at runtime.
- For record access: Server does NOT validate that IDs from entries files are valid indexes into ways/points/polygons arrays - invalid IDs will panic.

**OPTIONAL vs REQUIRED MODES:**
- Server loads files optionally and checks `if let Some(ref m) = self.file` before using
- If a file is missing (None), lookups that depend on it are skipped
- **However**: If geo_cells.bin exists, all related street files are required or the load fails
- No manifest file is read by the server (manifest.json is informational only for clients)

---

### 4. **Version Metadata**

**NO version metadata in binary files.** The builder generates `manifest.json` for informational purposes:
```json
{
  "version": 1,
  "regions": [
    {
      "name": "planet",
      "modes": {
        "full": {"size": ...}
      },
      "qualities": [...]
    }
  ]
}
```

**The server does NOT validate this file.** There is no magic number, version field, or checksum in any binary file. If you patch a file incorrectly, the server will either:
1. Perform incorrect lookups (if data is misaligned but still readable)
2. Panic due to bounds violations (if IDs point out of bounds)
3. Silently skip results (if binary search is corrupted and finds nothing)

---

### 5. **Key Insights for Patch Tool Design**

1. **Binary search files must be strictly sorted**: geo_cells.bin and admin_cells.bin require ascending cell_id order. If you patch these, you must re-sort them.

2. **Entry lists are relative, not absolute**: Offsets in geo_cells.bin and admin_cells.bin are relative to their respective entries files. If you patch an entries file, you must update ALL offsets that reference it.

3. **Fixed-size arrays use direct pointer casting**: Ways, points, nodes, and polygons files are read as contiguous arrays. You cannot add padding or change structure sizes without breaking compatibility.

4. **Strings are referenced by byte offset, not string ID**: String references are raw offsets into strings.bin. If you add/remove strings, all offsets change. You must rebuild strings.bin and remap all references.

5. **No bounds validation on IDs**: The server assumes IDs from entries files are valid array indexes. Patching must ensure IDs stay within bounds.

6. **Float precision matters**: lat/lng values in NodeCoord and AddrPoint are IEEE 754 single-precision floats. Precision loss during conversion to double should be acceptable.

7. **The server is lenient with errors**: It silently skips invalid entries rather than failing. A corrupted patch might cause incomplete results instead of an error.

8. **Partial index support**: You can omit address and interpolation data; the server will gracefully skip lookups that depend on missing files.

---

### File Paths in Codebase:
- **Server code**: `/root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/main.rs`
- **Builder code**: `/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp`, `/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp`
- **Type definitions**: `/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/types.h`

Prompt:
I need to understand how the geocoder server reads and uses the binary index files. This is critical for designing a custom patching tool.

Look in /root/traccar-geocoder/server/ for the Rust server code. Find:
1. How each binary file is loaded (mmap, full read, etc.)
2. How lookups work for each file type:
   - geo_cells.bin: binary search for cell_id → offsets
   - street_entries.bin / addr_entries.bin / interp_entries.bin: read entry lists by offset
   - street_ways.bin / addr_points.bin / interp_ways.bin: index by record ID
   - street_nodes.bin / interp_nodes.bin: index by offset
   - admin_cells.bin / admin_entries.bin / admin_polygons.bin / admin_vertices.bin
   - strings.bin: read by offset to null terminator
3. Whether the server requires contiguous, sorted files or could handle alternative layouts
4. Whether there's any manifest or version metadata

Be thorough - I need to know exactly what format constraints the server imposes.


Good, let me design this properly. Let me explore the format constraints from the server side and understand what the comparison tools already do.

Now let me launch a plan agent to design the complete system.


Agent

Design semantic patch system

Prompt:
Design a custom geocoder index patching system. I'll provide the full context.

## Goal
Two tools:
- `geocoder-diff <old-dir> <new-dir> -o patch.gcpatch` — compares two independently-built indexes, produces a compact semantic patch
- `geocoder-patch <current-dir> patch.gcpatch -o <new-dir>` — applies patch, produces new index

Requirements from the user:
1. Daily builds are completely independent (no dependency on previous builds)
2. Diff tool compares full output of today vs yesterday
3. Patches must be SMALL (target: ~5-15 MiB for Europe, vs 7 GiB full dataset)
4. Users can apply patches in sequence: day1 + patch_1→2 = day2, then day2 + patch_2→3 = day3

## Key Challenge: Sequential Patching
Two independent builds of the same day have completely different file layouts (different string offsets, different record orderings, different entry offsets). A patch generated from fresh_day2 vs fresh_day3 can't be applied to a file produced by patching day1→day2, because the byte layout differs.

**Solution**: The patch applicator always produces DETERMINISTIC (canonical) output. Same semantic data → same bytes. This means:
- `patch(canonical_day1, diff_1→2)` produces `canonical_day2`
- `canonicalize(fresh_day2)` also produces `canonical_day2`
- Therefore `diff_2→3` generated from `canonical_day2` vs `fresh_day3` is applicable to the client's `canonical_day2`

The build server pipeline becomes:
1. Fresh build → output/
2. Canonicalize output/ → canonical/ (deterministic format)
3. Diff previous canonical/ vs new canonical/ → patch

## Binary Format (14 files per index)

**Cell index files** (sorted by cell_id, binary search):
- geo_cells.bin: [uint64 cell_id, uint32 street_off, uint32 addr_off, uint32 interp_off] × N (20 bytes/entry)
- admin_cells.bin: [uint64 cell_id, uint32 entry_off] × N (12 bytes/entry)

**Entry files** (variable-length, referenced by byte offset from cell files):
- street_entries.bin, addr_entries.bin, interp_entries.bin, admin_entries.bin: [uint16 count][uint32 id] × count

**Data arrays** (fixed-size records, indexed by ID from entries):
- street_ways.bin: [uint32 node_offset, uint8 node_count, uint32 name_id] (9 bytes, NO padding)
- addr_points.bin: [float lat, float lng, uint32 housenumber_id, uint32 street_id] (16 bytes)
- interp_ways.bin: [uint32 node_offset, uint8 node_count, uint32 street_id, uint32 start_num, uint32 end_num, uint8 interp_type] (18 bytes, struct-packed with padding)
- admin_polygons.bin: [uint32 vertex_offset, uint32 vertex_count, uint32 name_id, uint8 admin_level, float area, uint16 country_code] (with padding)

**Coordinate arrays** (flat, 8 bytes/entry):
- street_nodes.bin, interp_nodes.bin, admin_vertices.bin: [float lat, float lng]

**String pool**: strings.bin: null-terminated strings concatenated, referenced by byte offset

**Server constraints**: Files are mmap'd. Cell files MUST be sorted by cell_id. Data arrays are accessed by direct indexing. No validation of IDs or offsets.

## Existing Comparison Infrastructure
`compare_indexes.cpp` already implements semantic fingerprinting:
- way_fingerprint: "name|node_count|sorted_grid_coords" (1e5 precision)
- addr_fingerprint: "grid_lat,grid_lng|housenumber|street"
- admin_fingerprint: "name|admin_level|country|sorted_grid_vertices"
- interp_fingerprint: "street|start-end|interp_type|sorted_grid_nodes"

## Design the diff tool, patch format, and applicator

Key considerations:
1. The diff tool compares two builds by semantic fingerprinting
2. The patch contains: added records (full data + S2 cell assignments), removed record fingerprints
3. The applicator rebuilds all files deterministically (canonical format)
4. No S2 dependency on client — cell assignments for new records come from the patch
5. Kept records carry their cell assignments from the old build's entries files
6. The canonical format: alphabetically sorted string pool, records sorted by canonical key

Please design:
1. The patch binary format (sections, encoding)
2. The diff tool algorithm (matching, cell assignment extraction)
3. The applicator algorithm (how it rebuilds each of the 14 files)
4. The canonical record ordering (what key to sort by for each record type)
5. Memory and performance estimates
6. How to handle admin data (polygons + vertices are linked)

The implementation will be in C++, in builder/tools/. It can reuse types from builder/src/types.h and the string pool from builder/src/string_pool.h.