I need to understand how the geocoder server reads and uses the binary index files. This is critical for designing a custom patching tool.

Look in /root/traccar-geocoder/server/ for the Rust server code. Find:
1. How each binary file is loaded (mmap, full read, etc.)
2. How lookups work for each file type:
   - geo_cells.bin: binary search for cell_id → offsets
   - street_entries.bin / addr_entries.bin / interp_entries.bin: read entry lists by offset
   - street_ways.bin / addr_points.bin / interp_ways.bin: index by record ID
   - street_nodes.bin / interp_nodes.bin: index by offset
   - admin_cells.bin / admin_entries.bin / admin_polygons.bin / admin_vertices.bin
   - strings.bin: read by offset to null terminator
3. Whether the server requires contiguous, sorted files or could handle alternative layouts
4. Whether there's any manifest or version metadata

Be thorough - I need to know exactly what format constraints the server imposes.


I'll analyze the Rust server code to understand how it reads and uses the binary index files. Let me start by exploring the server directory structure.


Bash

find /root/traccar-geocoder/server -type f -name "*.rs" | head -20


/root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/auth.rs
/root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/main.rs


Let me continue exploring the server codebase structure and then read the main files.


Error: EISDIR: illegal operation on a directory, read '/root/traccar-geocoder/server'


find /root/traccar-geocoder/server -type f | head -30


/root/traccar-geocoder/server/Cargo.toml
/root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/auth.rs
/root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/web/dashboard.html
/root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/web/login.html
/root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/main.rs
/root/traccar-geocoder/server/Cargo.lock


Now let me read the main server code file to understand the binary file loading and lookup logic.


Error: File content (10030 tokens) exceeds maximum allowed tokens (10000). Use offset and limit parameters to read specific portions of the file, or search for specific content instead of reading the whole file.


Let me read the file in sections to understand its structure.


     1→mod auth;
     2→
     3→use axum::extract::Query;
     4→use axum::http::StatusCode;
     5→use axum::response::{IntoResponse, Response};
     6→use axum::routing::get;
     7→use axum::Router;
     8→use memmap2::Mmap;
     9→use s2::cellid::CellID;
    10→use s2::latlng::LatLng;
    11→use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
    12→use std::borrow::Cow;
    13→use std::fs::File;
    14→use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
    15→
    16→// --- S2 helpers ---
    17→
    18→const DEFAULT_STREET_CELL_LEVEL: u64 = 17;
    19→const DEFAULT_ADMIN_CELL_LEVEL: u64 = 10;
    20→const DEFAULT_SEARCH_DISTANCE: f64 = 75.0;
    21→
    22→fn cell_id_at_level(lat: f64, lng: f64, level: u64) -> u64 {
    23→    let ll = LatLng::from_degrees(lat, lng);
    24→    CellID::from(ll).parent(level).0
    25→}
    26→
    27→fn cell_neighbors_at_level(cell_id: u64, level: u64) -> Vec<u64> {
    28→    let cell = CellID(cell_id);
    29→    cell.all_neighbors(level).into_iter().map(|c| c.0).collect()
    30→}
    31→
    32→// --- Binary format structs (must match C++ build pipeline) ---
    33→
    34→#[repr(C)]
    35→#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
    36→struct WayHeader {
    37→    node_offset: u32,
    38→    node_count: u8,
    39→    name_id: u32,
    40→}
    41→
    42→#[repr(C)]
    43→#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
    44→struct AddrPoint {
    45→    lat: f32,
    46→    lng: f32,
    47→    housenumber_id: u32,
    48→    street_id: u32,
    49→}
    50→
    51→#[repr(C)]
    52→#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
    53→struct InterpWay {
    54→    node_offset: u32,
    55→    node_count: u8,
    56→    street_id: u32,
    57→    start_number: u32,
    58→    end_number: u32,
    59→    interpolation: u8,
    60→}
    61→
    62→#[repr(C)]
    63→#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
    64→struct AdminPolygon {
    65→    vertex_offset: u32,
    66→    vertex_count: u32,
    67→    name_id: u32,
    68→    admin_level: u8,
    69→    area: f32,
    70→    country_code: u16,
    71→}
    72→
    73→#[repr(C)]
    74→#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
    75→struct NodeCoord {
    76→    lat: f32,
    77→    lng: f32,
    78→}
    79→
    80→// --- Index data ---
    81→
    82→struct Index {
    83→    geo_cells: Option<Mmap>,
    84→    street_entries: Option<Mmap>,
    85→    street_ways: Option<Mmap>,
    86→    street_nodes: Option<Mmap>,
    87→    addr_entries: Option<Mmap>,
    88→    addr_points: Option<Mmap>,
    89→    interp_entries: Option<Mmap>,
    90→    interp_ways: Option<Mmap>,
    91→    interp_nodes: Option<Mmap>,
    92→    admin_cells: Mmap,
    93→    admin_entries: Mmap,
    94→    admin_polygons: Mmap,
    95→    admin_vertices: Mmap,
    96→    strings: Mmap,
    97→    street_cell_level: u64,
    98→    admin_cell_level: u64,
    99→    max_distance_sq: f64,
   100→}


Good! Let me continue reading to understand the loading and lookup mechanisms.


   100→}
   101→
   102→const NO_DATA: u32 = 0xFFFFFFFF;
   103→
   104→struct GeoCellOffsets {
   105→    street: u32,
   106→    addr: u32,
   107→    interp: u32,
   108→}
   109→
   110→fn mmap_file(path: &str) -> Result<Mmap, String> {
   111→    let file = File::open(path).map_err(|e| format!("Failed to open {}: {}", path, e))?;
   112→    unsafe { Mmap::map(&file).map_err(|e| format!("Failed to mmap {}: {}", path, e)) }
   113→}
   114→
   115→fn mmap_file_optional(path: &str) -> Option<Mmap> {
   116→    let file = File::open(path).ok()?;
   117→    unsafe { Mmap::map(&file).ok() }
   118→}
   119→
   120→impl Index {
   121→    fn load(dir: &str, street_cell_level: u64, admin_cell_level: u64, search_distance: f64) -> Result<Self, String> {
   122→        let meters_to_rad = search_distance / 111_320.0;
   123→        let max_distance_sq = meters_to_rad * meters_to_rad;
   124→
   125→        let geo_cells = mmap_file_optional(&format!("{}/geo_cells.bin", dir));
   126→        let has_geo = geo_cells.is_some();
   127→
   128→        let required_geo = |name: &str| -> Result<Option<Mmap>, String> {
   129→            let path = format!("{}/{}", dir, name);
   130→            let mmap = mmap_file_optional(&path);
   131→            if has_geo && mmap.is_none() {
   132→                return Err(format!("Partial geo index: {} is missing", name));
   133→            }
   134→            Ok(mmap)
   135→        };
   136→
   137→        Ok(Index {
   138→            geo_cells,
   139→            street_entries: required_geo("street_entries.bin")?,
   140→            street_ways: required_geo("street_ways.bin")?,
   141→            street_nodes: required_geo("street_nodes.bin")?,
   142→            addr_entries: mmap_file_optional(&format!("{}/addr_entries.bin", dir)),
   143→            addr_points: mmap_file_optional(&format!("{}/addr_points.bin", dir)),
   144→            interp_entries: mmap_file_optional(&format!("{}/interp_entries.bin", dir)),
   145→            interp_ways: mmap_file_optional(&format!("{}/interp_ways.bin", dir)),
   146→            interp_nodes: mmap_file_optional(&format!("{}/interp_nodes.bin", dir)),
   147→            admin_cells: mmap_file(&format!("{}/admin_cells.bin", dir))?,
   148→            admin_entries: mmap_file(&format!("{}/admin_entries.bin", dir))?,
   149→            admin_polygons: mmap_file(&format!("{}/admin_polygons.bin", dir))?,
   150→            admin_vertices: mmap_file(&format!("{}/admin_vertices.bin", dir))?,
   151→            strings: mmap_file(&format!("{}/strings.bin", dir))?,
   152→            street_cell_level,
   153→            admin_cell_level,
   154→            max_distance_sq,
   155→        })
   156→    }
   157→
   158→    fn get_string(&self, offset: u32) -> &str {
   159→        let bytes = &self.strings[offset as usize..];
   160→        let end = bytes.iter().position(|&b| b == 0).unwrap_or(bytes.len());
   161→        std::str::from_utf8(&bytes[..end]).unwrap_or("")
   162→    }
   163→
   164→    fn read_u16(data: &[u8], offset: usize) -> u16 {
   165→        u16::from_le_bytes([data[offset], data[offset + 1]])
   166→    }
   167→
   168→    fn read_u32(data: &[u8], offset: usize) -> u32 {
   169→        u32::from_le_bytes(data[offset..offset + 4].try_into().unwrap())
   170→    }
   171→
   172→    fn read_u64(data: &[u8], offset: usize) -> u64 {
   173→        u64::from_le_bytes(data[offset..offset + 8].try_into().unwrap())
   174→    }
   175→
   176→    // Iterate entry IDs inline from entries file at given offset
   177→    fn for_each_entry(entries: &[u8], offset: u32, mut f: impl FnMut(u32)) {
   178→        if offset == NO_DATA { return; }
   179→        let offset = offset as usize;
   180→        if offset + 2 > entries.len() { return; }
   181→
   182→        let id_count = Self::read_u16(entries, offset) as usize;
   183→        let data_start = offset + 2;
   184→        if data_start + id_count * 4 > entries.len() { return; }
   185→
   186→        for i in 0..id_count {
   187→            f(Self::read_u32(entries, data_start + i * 4));
   188→        }
   189→    }
   190→
   191→    // Binary search geo cell index: 20 bytes per entry (u64 cell_id + u32 street + u32 addr + u32 interp)
   192→    fn lookup_geo_cell(cells: &[u8], cell_id: u64) -> GeoCellOffsets {
   193→        let entry_size: usize = 20;
   194→        let count = cells.len() / entry_size;
   195→        let empty = GeoCellOffsets { street: NO_DATA, addr: NO_DATA, interp: NO_DATA };
   196→        if count == 0 { return empty; }
   197→
   198→        let mut lo = 0usize;
   199→        let mut hi = count;
   200→        while lo < hi {
   201→            let mid = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
   202→            let mid_id = Self::read_u64(cells, mid * entry_size);
   203→            if mid_id == cell_id {
   204→                return GeoCellOffsets {
   205→                    street: Self::read_u32(cells, mid * entry_size + 8),
   206→                    addr: Self::read_u32(cells, mid * entry_size + 12),
   207→                    interp: Self::read_u32(cells, mid * entry_size + 16),
   208→                };
   209→            } else if mid_id < cell_id {
   210→                lo = mid + 1;
   211→            } else {
   212→                hi = mid;
   213→            }
   214→        }
   215→        empty
   216→    }
   217→
   218→    // Binary search admin cell index: 12 bytes per entry (u64 cell_id + u32 offset)
   219→    fn lookup_admin_cell(cells: &[u8], cell_id: u64) -> u32 {
   220→        let entry_size: usize = 12;
   221→        let count = cells.len() / entry_size;
   222→        if count == 0 { return NO_DATA; }
   223→
   224→        let mut lo = 0usize;
   225→        let mut hi = count;
   226→        while lo < hi {
   227→            let mid = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
   228→            let mid_id = Self::read_u64(cells, mid * entry_size);
   229→            if mid_id == cell_id {
   230→                return Self::read_u32(cells, mid * entry_size + 8);
   231→            } else if mid_id < cell_id {
   232→                lo = mid + 1;
   233→            } else {
   234→                hi = mid;
   235→            }
   236→        }
   237→        NO_DATA
   238→    }
   239→
   240→    // --- Geo lookup (streets, addresses, interpolation from merged index) ---
   241→
   242→    fn query_geo(&self, lat: f64, lng: f64) -> (Option<(f64, &AddrPoint)>, Option<(f64, &str, u32)>, Option<(f64, &WayHeader)>) {
   243→        let geo_cells = match &self.geo_cells {
   244→            Some(gc) => gc,
   245→            None => return (None, None, None),
   246→        };
   247→        let street_entries = self.street_entries.as_ref().unwrap();
   248→        let street_ways_mmap = self.street_ways.as_ref().unwrap();
   249→        let street_nodes_mmap = self.street_nodes.as_ref().unwrap();


Let me continue reading to see the full lookup implementation.


   250→        let cell = cell_id_at_level(lat, lng, self.street_cell_level);
   251→        let neighbors = cell_neighbors_at_level(cell, self.street_cell_level);
   252→
   253→        let empty_addr: &[AddrPoint] = &[];
   254→        let all_points: &[AddrPoint] = if let Some(ref m) = self.addr_points {
   255→            unsafe {
   256→                std::slice::from_raw_parts(
   257→                    m.as_ptr() as *const AddrPoint,
   258→                    m.len() / std::mem::size_of::<AddrPoint>(),
   259→                )
   260→            }
   261→        } else {
   262→            empty_addr
   263→        };
   264→        let all_ways: &[WayHeader] = unsafe {
   265→            std::slice::from_raw_parts(
   266→                street_ways_mmap.as_ptr() as *const WayHeader,
   267→                street_ways_mmap.len() / std::mem::size_of::<WayHeader>(),
   268→            )
   269→        };
   270→        let all_street_nodes: &[NodeCoord] = unsafe {
   271→            std::slice::from_raw_parts(
   272→                street_nodes_mmap.as_ptr() as *const NodeCoord,
   273→                street_nodes_mmap.len() / std::mem::size_of::<NodeCoord>(),
   274→            )
   275→        };
   276→        let empty_interp: &[InterpWay] = &[];
   277→        let all_interps: &[InterpWay] = if let Some(ref m) = self.interp_ways {
   278→            unsafe {
   279→                std::slice::from_raw_parts(
   280→                    m.as_ptr() as *const InterpWay,
   281→                    m.len() / std::mem::size_of::<InterpWay>(),
   282→                )
   283→            }
   284→        } else {
   285→            empty_interp
   286→        };
   287→        let empty_interp_nodes: &[NodeCoord] = &[];
   288→        let all_interp_nodes: &[NodeCoord] = if let Some(ref m) = self.interp_nodes {
   289→            unsafe {
   290→                std::slice::from_raw_parts(
   291→                    m.as_ptr() as *const NodeCoord,
   292→                    m.len() / std::mem::size_of::<NodeCoord>(),
   293→                )
   294→            }
   295→        } else {
   296→            empty_interp_nodes
   297→        };
   298→
   299→        let cos_lat = lat.to_radians().cos();
   300→
   301→        let mut best_addr_dist = f64::MAX;
   302→        let mut best_addr: Option<&AddrPoint> = None;
   303→        let mut best_street_dist = f64::MAX;
   304→        let mut best_street: Option<&WayHeader> = None;
   305→        let mut best_interp_dist = f64::MAX;
   306→        let mut best_interp: Option<&InterpWay> = None;
   307→        let mut best_interp_t: f64 = 0.0;
   308→
   309→        // Fixed-size hash set on stack to skip duplicate street IDs across cells
   310→        let mut seen_streets: [u32; 64] = [u32::MAX; 64];
   311→
   312→        for c in std::iter::once(cell).chain(neighbors.into_iter()) {
   313→            let offsets = Self::lookup_geo_cell(geo_cells, c);
   314→
   315→            // Addresses
   316→            if let Some(ref addr_entries) = self.addr_entries {
   317→                Self::for_each_entry(addr_entries, offsets.addr, |id| {
   318→                    let point = &all_points[id as usize];
   319→                    let dlat = (point.lat as f64 - lat).to_radians();
   320→                    let dlng = (point.lng as f64 - lng).to_radians();
   321→                    let dist = dist_sq(dlat, dlng, cos_lat);
   322→                    if dist < best_addr_dist {
   323→                        best_addr_dist = dist;
   324→                        best_addr = Some(point);
   325→                    }
   326→                });
   327→            }
   328→
   329→            // Streets
   330→            Self::for_each_entry(street_entries, offsets.street, |id| {
   331→                let slot = (id as usize) & 0x3F;
   332→                if seen_streets[slot] == id { return; }
   333→                seen_streets[slot] = id;
   334→
   335→                let way = &all_ways[id as usize];
   336→                let offset = way.node_offset as usize;
   337→                let count = way.node_count as usize;
   338→                let nodes = &all_street_nodes[offset..offset + count];
   339→
   340→                for i in 0..nodes.len() - 1 {
   341→                    let dist = point_to_segment_distance(
   342→                        lat, lng,
   343→                        nodes[i].lat as f64, nodes[i].lng as f64,
   344→                        nodes[i + 1].lat as f64, nodes[i + 1].lng as f64,
   345→                        cos_lat,
   346→                    );
   347→                    if dist < best_street_dist {
   348→                        best_street_dist = dist;
   349→                        best_street = Some(way);
   350→                    }
   351→                }
   352→            });
   353→
   354→            // Interpolation
   355→            if let Some(ref interp_entries) = self.interp_entries {
   356→                Self::for_each_entry(interp_entries, offsets.interp, |id| {
   357→                    let iw = &all_interps[id as usize];
   358→                    if iw.start_number == 0 || iw.end_number == 0 { return; }
   359→
   360→                    let offset = iw.node_offset as usize;
   361→                    let count = iw.node_count as usize;
   362→                    let nodes = &all_interp_nodes[offset..offset + count];
   363→
   364→                    let mut total_len: f64 = 0.0;
   365→                    for i in 0..nodes.len() - 1 {
   366→                        let dlat = (nodes[i + 1].lat as f64 - nodes[i].lat as f64).to_radians();
   367→                        let dlng = (nodes[i + 1].lng as f64 - nodes[i].lng as f64).to_radians();
   368→                        total_len += dist_sq(dlat, dlng, cos_lat);
   369→                    }
   370→                    if total_len == 0.0 { return; }
   371→
   372→                    let mut best_seg_dist = f64::MAX;
   373→                    let mut best_seg_t: f64 = 0.0;
   374→                    let mut prev_accumulated: f64 = 0.0;
   375→
   376→                    for i in 0..nodes.len() - 1 {
   377→                        let dlat = (nodes[i + 1].lat as f64 - nodes[i].lat as f64).to_radians();
   378→                        let dlng = (nodes[i + 1].lng as f64 - nodes[i].lng as f64).to_radians();
   379→                        let seg_len = dist_sq(dlat, dlng, cos_lat);
   380→                        let (dist, seg_t) = point_to_segment_with_t(
   381→                            lat, lng,
   382→                            nodes[i].lat as f64, nodes[i].lng as f64,
   383→                            nodes[i + 1].lat as f64, nodes[i + 1].lng as f64,
   384→                            cos_lat,
   385→                        );
   386→                        if dist < best_seg_dist {
   387→                            best_seg_dist = dist;
   388→                            best_seg_t = (prev_accumulated + seg_t * seg_len) / total_len;
   389→                        }
   390→                        prev_accumulated += seg_len;
   391→                    }
   392→
   393→                    if best_seg_dist < best_interp_dist {
   394→                        best_interp_dist = best_seg_dist;
   395→                        best_interp = Some(iw);
   396→                        best_interp_t = best_seg_t;
   397→                    }
   398→                });
   399→            }
   400→        }
   401→
   402→        let addr_result = best_addr.map(|p| (best_addr_dist, p));
   403→        let street_result = best_street.map(|w| (best_street_dist, w));
   404→        let interp_result = best_interp.map(|iw| {
   405→            let start = iw.start_number as f64;
   406→            let end = iw.end_number as f64;
   407→            let raw = start + best_interp_t * (end - start);
   408→
   409→            let step: u32 = match iw.interpolation {
   410→                1 | 2 => 2,
   411→                _ => 1,
   412→            };
   413→
   414→            let number = if step == 2 {
   415→                let base = iw.start_number;
   416→                let offset = ((raw - base as f64) / step as f64).round() as u32 * step;
   417→                base + offset
   418→            } else {
   419→                raw.round() as u32
   420→            };
   421→
   422→            (best_interp_dist, self.get_string(iw.street_id), number)
   423→        });
   424→
   425→        (addr_result, interp_result, street_result)
   426→    }
   427→
   428→    // --- Admin boundary lookup (point-in-polygon) ---
   429→
   430→    fn find_admin(&self, lat: f64, lng: f64) -> AdminResult<'_> {
   431→        let cell = cell_id_at_level(lat, lng, self.admin_cell_level);
   432→        let neighbors = cell_neighbors_at_level(cell, self.admin_cell_level);
   433→
   434→        let all_polygons: &[AdminPolygon] = unsafe {
   435→            std::slice::from_raw_parts(
   436→                self.admin_polygons.as_ptr() as *const AdminPolygon,
   437→                self.admin_polygons.len() / std::mem::size_of::<AdminPolygon>(),
   438→            )
   439→        };
   440→        let all_vertices: &[NodeCoord] = unsafe {
   441→            std::slice::from_raw_parts(
   442→                self.admin_vertices.as_ptr() as *const NodeCoord,
   443→                self.admin_vertices.len() / std::mem::size_of::<NodeCoord>(),
   444→            )
   445→        };
   446→
   447→        // For each admin level, find the smallest-area polygon containing the point
   448→        let mut best_by_level: [Option<(f32, &AdminPolygon)>; 12] = [None; 12];
   449→


Let me continue reading the admin lookup and see how it accesses the admin data.


   450→        const INTERIOR_FLAG: u32 = 0x80000000;
   451→        const ID_MASK: u32 = 0x7FFFFFFF;
   452→
   453→        for c in std::iter::once(cell).chain(neighbors.into_iter()) {
   454→            Self::for_each_entry(&self.admin_entries, Self::lookup_admin_cell(&self.admin_cells, c), |id| {
   455→                let is_interior = (id & INTERIOR_FLAG) != 0;
   456→                let poly_id = (id & ID_MASK) as usize;
   457→                let poly = &all_polygons[poly_id];
   458→                let level = poly.admin_level as usize;
   459→                if level >= 12 { return; }
   460→
   461→                // Skip if we already have a smaller polygon at this level
   462→                if let Some((best_area, _)) = best_by_level[level] {
   463→                    if poly.area >= best_area { return; }
   464→                }
   465→
   466→                // Interior cells skip point-in-polygon test
   467→                if is_interior || point_in_polygon(lat as f32, lng as f32, {
   468→                    let offset = poly.vertex_offset as usize;
   469→                    let count = poly.vertex_count as usize;
   470→                    &all_vertices[offset..offset + count]
   471→                }) {
   472→                    best_by_level[level] = Some((poly.area, poly));
   473→                }
   474→            });
   475→        }
   476→
   477→        let mut result = AdminResult::default();
   478→
   479→        for level in 0..12 {
   480→            if let Some((_, poly)) = best_by_level[level] {
   481→                let name = self.get_string(poly.name_id);
   482→                match poly.admin_level {
   483→                    2 => {
   484→                        result.country = Some(name);
   485→                        if poly.country_code != 0 {
   486→                            result.country_code = Some([
   487→                                (poly.country_code >> 8) as u8,
   488→                                (poly.country_code & 0xFF) as u8,
   489→                            ]);
   490→                        }
   491→                    }
   492→                    4 => result.state = Some(name),
   493→                    6 => result.county = Some(name),
   494→                    8 => result.city = Some(name),
   495→                    11 => result.postcode = Some(name),
   496→                    _ => {}
   497→                }
   498→            }
   499→        }
   500→
   501→        result
   502→    }
   503→
   504→    // --- Combined query ---
   505→
   506→    fn query(&self, lat: f64, lng: f64) -> Address<'_> {
   507→        let max_dist = self.max_distance_sq;
   508→
   509→        let admin = self.find_admin(lat, lng);
   510→        let (addr, interp, street) = self.query_geo(lat, lng);
   511→
   512→        // Determine house_number and road from best geo match (priority: address > interpolation > street)
   513→        let mut house_number: Option<Cow<'_, str>> = None;
   514→        let mut road: Option<&str> = None;
   515→
   516→        if let Some((dist, point)) = addr {
   517→            if dist < max_dist {
   518→                house_number = Some(Cow::Borrowed(self.get_string(point.housenumber_id)));
   519→                road = Some(self.get_string(point.street_id));
   520→            }
   521→        }
   522→        if road.is_none() {
   523→            if let Some((dist, street_name, number)) = interp {
   524→                if dist < max_dist {
   525→                    house_number = Some(Cow::Owned(number.to_string()));
   526→                    road = Some(street_name);
   527→                }
   528→            }
   529→        }
   530→        if road.is_none() {
   531→            if let Some((dist, way)) = street {
   532→                if dist < max_dist {
   533→                    road = Some(self.get_string(way.name_id));
   534→                }
   535→            }
   536→        }
   537→
   538→        if road.is_none() && admin.country.is_none() && admin.city.is_none() && admin.state.is_none() {
   539→            return Address::default();
   540→        }
   541→
   542→        let address = AddressDetails {
   543→            house_number,
   544→            road,
   545→            city: admin.city,
   546→            state: admin.state,
   547→            county: admin.county,
   548→            postcode: admin.postcode,
   549→            country: admin.country,
   550→            country_code: admin.country_code.map(|c| String::from_utf8_lossy(&c).into_owned()),
   551→        };
   552→        let display_name = format_address(&address);
   553→        Address { display_name, address }
   554→    }
   555→}
   556→
   557→// --- Geometry helpers ---
   558→
   559→fn dist_sq(dlat: f64, dlng: f64, cos_lat: f64) -> f64 {
   560→    dlat * dlat + dlng * dlng * cos_lat * cos_lat
   561→}
   562→
   563→fn point_to_segment_with_t(
   564→    px: f64, py: f64,
   565→    ax: f64, ay: f64,
   566→    bx: f64, by: f64,
   567→    cos_lat: f64,
   568→) -> (f64, f64) {
   569→    let dx = bx - ax;
   570→    let dy = by - ay;
   571→    let len_sq = dx * dx + dy * dy;
   572→
   573→    let t = if len_sq == 0.0 {
   574→        0.0
   575→    } else {
   576→        (((px - ax) * dx + (py - ay) * dy) / len_sq).clamp(0.0, 1.0)
   577→    };
   578→
   579→    let proj_x = ax + t * dx;
   580→    let proj_y = ay + t * dy;
   581→    let dlat = (px - proj_x).to_radians();
   582→    let dlng = (py - proj_y).to_radians();
   583→    (dist_sq(dlat, dlng, cos_lat), t)
   584→}
   585→
   586→fn point_to_segment_distance(
   587→    px: f64, py: f64,
   588→    ax: f64, ay: f64,
   589→    bx: f64, by: f64,
   590→    cos_lat: f64,
   591→) -> f64 {
   592→    point_to_segment_with_t(px, py, ax, ay, bx, by, cos_lat).0
   593→}
   594→
   595→// Ray casting point-in-polygon test
   596→fn point_in_polygon(lat: f32, lng: f32, vertices: &[NodeCoord]) -> bool {
   597→    let mut inside = false;
   598→    let n = vertices.len();
   599→    let mut j = n - 1;


Now let me search for any manifest or version metadata handling in the code.


777:    ([(axum::http::header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")], json).into_response()


Let me check if there's any builder code that shows the binary file format specifications.


find /root/traccar-geocoder -name "*.rs" -o -name "*.cpp" -o -name "*.h" | grep -E "(builder|build)" | head -20


/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/build-presplit/CMakeFiles/3.31.6/CompilerIdCXX/CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/tools/simplify_compare.cpp
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/build/CMakeFiles/3.31.6/CompilerIdCXX/CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/interpolation.cpp
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/ring_assembly.h
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/string_pool.h
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/interpolation.h
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cache.h
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/s2_helpers.h
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/continent_boundaries.h
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.h
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/pbf_reader.h
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/pbf_reader.cpp
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/continent_boundaries.cpp
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/relation_collector.h
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/continent_filter.h
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cache.cpp
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/parsed_data.h


Let me examine the build_index.cpp file which likely has the binary format specifications.


     1→#include <algorithm>
     2→#include <atomic>
     3→#include <chrono>
     4→#include <condition_variable>
     5→#include <cstring>
     6→#include <deque>
     7→#include <fstream>
     8→#include <future>
     9→#include <iostream>
    10→#include <mutex>
    11→#include <numeric>
    12→#include <string>
    13→#include <thread>
    14→#include <unordered_set>
    15→#include <vector>
    16→
    17→#include <fcntl.h>
    18→#include <sys/mman.h>
    19→
    20→#include "pbf_reader.h"
    21→
    22→#include <s2/s2cell_id.h>
    23→#include <s2/s2latlng.h>
    24→
    25→#include "types.h"
    26→#include "string_pool.h"
    27→#include "geometry.h"
    28→#include "parsed_data.h"
    29→#include "s2_helpers.h"
    30→#include "ring_assembly.h"
    31→#include "continent_boundaries.h"
    32→#include "interpolation.h"
    33→#include "cache.h"
    34→#include "continent_filter.h"
    35→#include "cell_index.h"
    36→
    37→
    38→// --- Main ---
    39→
    40→int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    41→    if (argc < 2) {
    42→        std::cerr << "Usage: build-index <output-dir> <input.osm.pbf> [options]" << std::endl;
    43→        std::cerr << "       build-index <output-dir> --load-cache <path> [options]" << std::endl;
    44→        std::cerr << std::endl;
    45→        std::cerr << "Options:" << std::endl;
    46→        std::cerr << "  --street-level N       S2 cell level for streets (default: 17)" << std::endl;
    47→        std::cerr << "  --admin-level N        S2 cell level for admin (default: 10)" << std::endl;
    48→        std::cerr << "  --max-admin-level N    Only include admin levels <= N" << std::endl;
    49→        std::cerr << "  --save-cache <path>    Save parsed data to cache file" << std::endl;
    50→        std::cerr << "  --load-cache <path>    Load from cache instead of PBF" << std::endl;
    51→        std::cerr << "  --multi-output         Write full, no-addresses, admin-only indexes" << std::endl;
    52→        std::cerr << "  --continents           Also generate per-continent indexes" << std::endl;
    53→        std::cerr << "  --mode <mode>          Index mode: full, no-addresses, admin-only (default: full)" << std::endl;
    54→        std::cerr << "  --admin-only           Shorthand for --mode admin-only" << std::endl;
    55→        std::cerr << "  --no-addresses         Shorthand for --mode no-addresses" << std::endl;
    56→        std::cerr << "  --simplify-epsilon     Use error-bounded simplification (per-level defaults)" << std::endl;
    57→        std::cerr << "  --simplify-epsilon N   Use fixed epsilon of N meters for all levels" << std::endl;
    58→        std::cerr << "  --epsilon-scale F      Multiply all per-level epsilons by F (e.g. 2.0 = 2x coarser)" << std::endl;
    59→        std::cerr << "  --epsilon-levels L2,L3,...,L8  Set epsilon in meters per level (7 values)" << std::endl;
    60→        std::cerr << "  --multi-quality [S,S,...]  Write quality variants at given scales (default: 0,0.2,0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5)" << std::endl;
    61→        std::cerr << "  --previous-build <dir>     Load previous build for stable string offsets (patchability)" << std::endl;
    62→        return 1;
    63→    }
    64→
    65→    std::string output_dir = argv[1];
    66→    std::vector<std::string> input_files;
    67→    std::string save_cache_path;
    68→    std::string load_cache_path;
    69→    std::string previous_build_path;
    70→    bool multi_output = false;
    71→    bool generate_continents = false;
    72→    IndexMode mode = IndexMode::Full;
    73→    SimplifyMode simplify_mode = SimplifyMode::MaxVertices;
    74→    double simplify_epsilon_override = 0; // 0 = use per-level defaults
    75→    bool multi_quality = false;
    76→    std::vector<double> quality_scales;
    77→
    78→    for (int i = 2; i < argc; i++) {
    79→        std::string arg = argv[i];
    80→        if (arg == "--street-level" && i + 1 < argc) {
    81→            kStreetCellLevel = std::atoi(argv[++i]);
    82→        } else if (arg == "--admin-level" && i + 1 < argc) {
    83→            kAdminCellLevel = std::atoi(argv[++i]);
    84→        } else if (arg == "--admin-only") {
    85→            mode = IndexMode::AdminOnly;
    86→        } else if (arg == "--no-addresses") {
    87→            mode = IndexMode::NoAddresses;
    88→        } else if (arg == "--max-admin-level" && i + 1 < argc) {
    89→            kMaxAdminLevel = std::atoi(argv[++i]);
    90→        } else if (arg == "--save-cache" && i + 1 < argc) {
    91→            save_cache_path = argv[++i];
    92→        } else if (arg == "--load-cache" && i + 1 < argc) {
    93→            load_cache_path = argv[++i];
    94→        } else if (arg == "--previous-build" && i + 1 < argc) {
    95→            previous_build_path = argv[++i];
    96→        } else if (arg == "--multi-output") {
    97→            multi_output = true;
    98→        } else if (arg == "--continents") {
    99→            generate_continents = true;
   100→        } else if (arg == "--simplify-epsilon") {


Let me search for where the binary files are actually written in the builder code.


grep -r "\.bin" /root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src --include="*.cpp" --include="*.h" | head -30


/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:                    return write_entries_from_sorted(output_dir + "/street_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.sorted_way_cells);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:                return write_entries(output_dir + "/street_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.cell_to_ways);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:                        return write_entries_from_sorted(output_dir + "/addr_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.sorted_addr_cells);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:                    return write_entries(output_dir + "/addr_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.cell_to_addrs);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:                        return write_entries_from_sorted(output_dir + "/interp_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.sorted_interp_cells);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:                    return write_entries(output_dir + "/interp_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.cell_to_interps);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:            std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/geo_cells.bin", std::ios::binary);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:    log_phase("  Write: geo_cells.bin", _wt);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:        write_cell_index(output_dir + "/admin_cells.bin", output_dir + "/admin_entries.bin", data.cell_to_admin);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:            std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/street_ways.bin", std::ios::binary);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:            std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/street_nodes.bin", std::ios::binary);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:                std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/addr_points.bin", std::ios::binary);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:                std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/interp_ways.bin", std::ios::binary);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:                std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/interp_nodes.bin", std::ios::binary);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:    // before writing admin_polygons and strings.bin.
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:        std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/admin_polygons.bin", std::ios::binary);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:        std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/admin_vertices.bin", std::ios::binary);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:            std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/strings.bin", std::ios::binary);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:            std::cerr << "strings.bin: " << compact_strings.size() << " bytes (compacted from "
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:            std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/strings.bin", std::ios::binary);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:            std::cerr << "strings.bin: " << data.string_pool.data().size() << " bytes" << std::endl;
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:        std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/admin_polygons.bin", std::ios::binary);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:        std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/admin_vertices.bin", std::ios::binary);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp:    // Shared files (admin_cells.bin, admin_entries.bin, strings.bin)
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:        std::string prev_strings = previous_build_path + "/strings.bin";
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:            "admin_cells.bin", "admin_entries.bin", "strings.bin"
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:            "admin_polygons.bin", "admin_vertices.bin"
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:            "street_ways.bin", "street_nodes.bin", "street_entries.bin"
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:            "addr_points.bin", "addr_entries.bin",
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:            "interp_ways.bin", "interp_nodes.bin", "interp_entries.bin"


Let me read the cell_index.cpp file to understand the binary format details.


     1→#include "cell_index.h"
     2→
     3→#include <algorithm>
     4→#include <atomic>
     5→#include <cstring>
     6→#include <fstream>
     7→#include <future>
     8→#include <iostream>
     9→#include <thread>
    10→#include <unordered_map>
    11→#include <unordered_set>
    12→
    13→#include <unistd.h>
    14→
    15→#include "geometry.h"
    16→#include "s2_helpers.h"
    17→
    18→std::vector<uint32_t> write_entries(
    19→    const std::string& path,
    20→    const std::vector<uint64_t>& sorted_cells,
    21→    const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>& cell_map
    22→) {
    23→    struct CellRef { uint64_t cell_id; const std::vector<uint32_t>* ids; };
    24→    std::vector<CellRef> sorted_refs;
    25→    sorted_refs.reserve(cell_map.size());
    26→    for (auto& [id, ids] : cell_map) sorted_refs.push_back({id, &ids});
    27→    std::sort(sorted_refs.begin(), sorted_refs.end(),
    28→        [](const CellRef& a, const CellRef& b) { return a.cell_id < b.cell_id; });
    29→
    30→    std::vector<uint32_t> offsets(sorted_cells.size(), NO_DATA);
    31→    size_t total_size = 0;
    32→    for (auto& r : sorted_refs) total_size += sizeof(uint16_t) + r.ids->size() * sizeof(uint32_t);
    33→
    34→    std::vector<char> buf;
    35→    buf.reserve(total_size);
    36→    uint32_t current = 0;
    37→    size_t ri = 0;
    38→    for (uint32_t si = 0; si < sorted_cells.size() && ri < sorted_refs.size(); si++) {
    39→        if (sorted_cells[si] < sorted_refs[ri].cell_id) continue;
    40→        if (sorted_cells[si] > sorted_refs[ri].cell_id) { si--; ri++; continue; }
    41→        offsets[si] = current;
    42→        const auto& ids = *sorted_refs[ri].ids;
    43→        uint16_t count = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(ids.size(), size_t(MAX_VERTEX_COUNT)));
    44→        buf.insert(buf.end(), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&count),
    45→                   reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&count) + sizeof(count));
    46→        buf.insert(buf.end(), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ids.data()),
    47→                   reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ids.data()) + ids.size() * sizeof(uint32_t));
    48→        current += sizeof(uint16_t) + ids.size() * sizeof(uint32_t);
    49→        ri++;
    50→    }
    51→    std::ofstream f(path, std::ios::binary);
    52→    f.write(buf.data(), buf.size());
    53→    return offsets;
    54→}
    55→
    56→std::vector<uint32_t> write_entries_from_sorted(
    57→    const std::string& path,
    58→    const std::vector<uint64_t>& sorted_cells,
    59→    const std::vector<CellItemPair>& sorted_pairs
    60→) {
    61→    std::vector<uint32_t> offsets(sorted_cells.size(), NO_DATA);
    62→    if (sorted_pairs.empty()) {
    63→        std::ofstream f(path, std::ios::binary);
    64→        return offsets;
    65→    }
    66→
    67→    unsigned int nthreads = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
    68→    if (nthreads == 0) nthreads = 4;
    69→    size_t cells_per_chunk = (sorted_cells.size() + nthreads - 1) / nthreads;
    70→
    71→    struct ChunkResult {
    72→        std::vector<char> buf;
    73→        size_t cell_start, cell_end;
    74→        uint32_t local_size;
    75→    };
    76→    std::vector<ChunkResult> chunks(nthreads);
    77→
    78→    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
    79→    for (unsigned int t = 0; t < nthreads; t++) {
    80→        size_t cs = t * cells_per_chunk;
    81→        size_t ce = std::min(cs + cells_per_chunk, sorted_cells.size());
    82→        if (cs >= sorted_cells.size()) break;
    83→
    84→        threads.emplace_back([&, t, cs, ce]() {
    85→            auto& chunk = chunks[t];
    86→            chunk.cell_start = cs;
    87→            chunk.cell_end = ce;
    88→            chunk.local_size = 0;
    89→
    90→            size_t pi = std::lower_bound(sorted_pairs.begin(), sorted_pairs.end(),
    91→                sorted_cells[cs], [](const CellItemPair& p, uint64_t id) {
    92→                    return p.cell_id < id;
    93→                }) - sorted_pairs.begin();
    94→
    95→            for (size_t si = cs; si < ce && pi < sorted_pairs.size(); si++) {
    96→                if (sorted_cells[si] < sorted_pairs[pi].cell_id) continue;
    97→                while (pi < sorted_pairs.size() && sorted_pairs[pi].cell_id < sorted_cells[si]) pi++;
    98→                if (pi >= sorted_pairs.size() || sorted_pairs[pi].cell_id != sorted_cells[si]) continue;
    99→
   100→                offsets[si] = chunk.local_size;
   101→                size_t start = pi;
   102→                while (pi < sorted_pairs.size() && sorted_pairs[pi].cell_id == sorted_cells[si]) pi++;
   103→                uint16_t count = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(pi - start, size_t(MAX_VERTEX_COUNT)));
   104→                size_t entry_size = sizeof(uint16_t) + (pi - start) * sizeof(uint32_t);
   105→                size_t buf_pos = chunk.buf.size();
   106→                chunk.buf.resize(buf_pos + entry_size);
   107→                memcpy(chunk.buf.data() + buf_pos, &count, sizeof(count));
   108→                for (size_t k = start; k < pi; k++) {
   109→                    memcpy(chunk.buf.data() + buf_pos + sizeof(uint16_t) + (k - start) * sizeof(uint32_t),
   110→                           &sorted_pairs[k].item_id, sizeof(uint32_t));
   111→                }
   112→                chunk.local_size += entry_size;
   113→            }
   114→        });
   115→    }
   116→    for (auto& t : threads) t.join();
   117→
   118→    uint32_t global_offset = 0;
   119→    for (auto& chunk : chunks) {
   120→        for (size_t si = chunk.cell_start; si < chunk.cell_end; si++) {
   121→            if (offsets[si] != NO_DATA) offsets[si] += global_offset;
   122→        }
   123→        global_offset += chunk.local_size;
   124→    }
   125→
   126→    std::vector<char> buf;
   127→    buf.reserve(global_offset);
   128→    for (auto& chunk : chunks) buf.insert(buf.end(), chunk.buf.begin(), chunk.buf.end());
   129→
   130→    std::ofstream f(path, std::ios::binary);
   131→    f.write(buf.data(), buf.size());
   132→    return offsets;
   133→}
   134→
   135→void write_cell_index(
   136→    const std::string& cells_path,
   137→    const std::string& entries_path,
   138→    const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>& cell_map
   139→) {
   140→    std::vector<std::pair<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>> sorted(cell_map.begin(), cell_map.end());
   141→    std::sort(sorted.begin(), sorted.end());
   142→
   143→    { std::ofstream f(cells_path, std::ios::binary);
   144→      uint32_t current_offset = 0;
   145→      for (const auto& [cell_id, ids] : sorted) {
   146→          f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&cell_id), sizeof(cell_id));
   147→          f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&current_offset), sizeof(current_offset));
   148→          current_offset += sizeof(uint16_t) + ids.size() * sizeof(uint32_t);
   149→      } }
   150→
   151→    { std::ofstream f(entries_path, std::ios::binary);
   152→      for (const auto& [cell_id, ids] : sorted) {
   153→          uint16_t count = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(ids.size(), size_t(MAX_VERTEX_COUNT)));
   154→          f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&count), sizeof(count));
   155→          f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ids.data()), ids.size() * sizeof(uint32_t));
   156→      } }
   157→}
   158→
   159→void write_index(const ParsedData& data, const std::string& output_dir, IndexMode mode) {
   160→    ensure_dir(output_dir);
   161→    auto _wt = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
   162→
   163→    bool write_streets = (mode != IndexMode::AdminOnly);
   164→    bool write_addresses = (mode == IndexMode::Full);
   165→
   166→    if (write_streets) {
   167→        std::vector<uint64_t> sorted_geo_cells;
   168→        {
   169→            auto extract_unique_cells = [](const std::vector<CellItemPair>& pairs) {
   170→                std::vector<uint64_t> cells;
   171→                cells.reserve(pairs.size() / 2);
   172→                for (size_t i = 0; i < pairs.size(); ) {
   173→                    cells.push_back(pairs[i].cell_id);
   174→                    uint64_t cur = pairs[i].cell_id;
   175→                    while (i < pairs.size() && pairs[i].cell_id == cur) i++;
   176→                }
   177→                return cells;
   178→            };
   179→            auto extract_from_map = [](const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>& m) {
   180→                std::vector<uint64_t> cells;
   181→                cells.reserve(m.size());
   182→                for (auto& [id, _] : m) cells.push_back(id);
   183→                std::sort(cells.begin(), cells.end());
   184→                return cells;
   185→            };
   186→
   187→            std::vector<uint64_t> way_cells, addr_cells, interp_cells;
   188→            {
   189→                auto f1 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&] {
   190→                    return !data.sorted_way_cells.empty()
   191→                        ? extract_unique_cells(data.sorted_way_cells)
   192→                        : extract_from_map(data.cell_to_ways);
   193→                });
   194→                if (write_addresses) {
   195→                    auto f2 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&] {
   196→                        return !data.sorted_addr_cells.empty()
   197→                            ? extract_unique_cells(data.sorted_addr_cells)
   198→                            : extract_from_map(data.cell_to_addrs);
   199→                    });
   200→                    auto f3 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&] {


Let me continue reading the cell_index.cpp file to understand the geo_cells.bin format.


   200→                    auto f3 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&] {
   201→                        return !data.sorted_interp_cells.empty()
   202→                            ? extract_unique_cells(data.sorted_interp_cells)
   203→                            : extract_from_map(data.cell_to_interps);
   204→                    });
   205→                    addr_cells = f2.get();
   206→                    interp_cells = f3.get();
   207→                }
   208→                way_cells = f1.get();
   209→            }
   210→
   211→            sorted_geo_cells.reserve(way_cells.size() + addr_cells.size() + interp_cells.size());
   212→            std::merge(way_cells.begin(), way_cells.end(), addr_cells.begin(), addr_cells.end(),
   213→                       std::back_inserter(sorted_geo_cells));
   214→            if (!interp_cells.empty()) {
   215→                std::vector<uint64_t> tmp;
   216→                tmp.reserve(sorted_geo_cells.size() + interp_cells.size());
   217→                std::merge(sorted_geo_cells.begin(), sorted_geo_cells.end(),
   218→                           interp_cells.begin(), interp_cells.end(), std::back_inserter(tmp));
   219→                sorted_geo_cells = std::move(tmp);
   220→            }
   221→            sorted_geo_cells.erase(std::unique(sorted_geo_cells.begin(), sorted_geo_cells.end()),
   222→                                    sorted_geo_cells.end());
   223→        }
   224→
   225→        std::vector<uint32_t> street_offsets, addr_offsets, interp_offsets;
   226→        {
   227→            auto f1 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]() {
   228→                if (!data.sorted_way_cells.empty())
   229→                    return write_entries_from_sorted(output_dir + "/street_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.sorted_way_cells);
   230→                return write_entries(output_dir + "/street_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.cell_to_ways);
   231→            });
   232→            if (write_addresses) {
   233→                auto f2 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]() {
   234→                    if (!data.sorted_addr_cells.empty())
   235→                        return write_entries_from_sorted(output_dir + "/addr_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.sorted_addr_cells);
   236→                    return write_entries(output_dir + "/addr_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.cell_to_addrs);
   237→                });
   238→                auto f3 = std::async(std::launch::async, [&]() {
   239→                    if (!data.sorted_interp_cells.empty())
   240→                        return write_entries_from_sorted(output_dir + "/interp_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.sorted_interp_cells);
   241→                    return write_entries(output_dir + "/interp_entries.bin", sorted_geo_cells, data.cell_to_interps);
   242→                });
   243→                addr_offsets = f2.get();
   244→                interp_offsets = f3.get();
   245→            }
   246→            street_offsets = f1.get();
   247→        }
   248→
   249→        log_phase("  Write: entry files", _wt);
   250→        {
   251→            size_t n = sorted_geo_cells.size();
   252→            size_t row_size = sizeof(uint64_t) + 3 * sizeof(uint32_t);
   253→            std::vector<char> buf(n * row_size);
   254→            if (addr_offsets.empty()) addr_offsets.resize(n, NO_DATA);
   255→            if (interp_offsets.empty()) interp_offsets.resize(n, NO_DATA);
   256→
   257→            unsigned int nthreads = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
   258→            if (nthreads == 0) nthreads = 4;
   259→            size_t chunk = (n + nthreads - 1) / nthreads;
   260→            std::vector<std::thread> fill_threads;
   261→            for (unsigned int t = 0; t < nthreads; t++) {
   262→                size_t start = t * chunk;
   263→                size_t end = std::min(start + chunk, n);
   264→                if (start >= n) break;
   265→                fill_threads.emplace_back([&, start, end]() {
   266→                    char* ptr = buf.data() + start * row_size;
   267→                    for (size_t i = start; i < end; i++) {
   268→                        memcpy(ptr, &sorted_geo_cells[i], sizeof(uint64_t)); ptr += sizeof(uint64_t);
   269→                        memcpy(ptr, &street_offsets[i], sizeof(uint32_t)); ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
   270→                        memcpy(ptr, &addr_offsets[i], sizeof(uint32_t)); ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
   271→                        memcpy(ptr, &interp_offsets[i], sizeof(uint32_t)); ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
   272→                    }
   273→                });
   274→            }
   275→            for (auto& t : fill_threads) t.join();
   276→
   277→            std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/geo_cells.bin", std::ios::binary);
   278→            f.write(buf.data(), buf.size());
   279→        }
   280→
   281→        std::cerr << "geo index: " << sorted_geo_cells.size() << " cells ("
   282→                  << data.ways.size() << " ways, " << data.addr_points.size() << " addrs, "
   283→                  << data.interp_ways.size() << " interps)" << std::endl;
   284→    }
   285→
   286→    log_phase("  Write: geo_cells.bin", _wt);
   287→    auto admin_future = std::async(std::launch::async, [&] {
   288→        write_cell_index(output_dir + "/admin_cells.bin", output_dir + "/admin_entries.bin", data.cell_to_admin);
   289→        std::cerr << "admin index: " << data.cell_to_admin.size() << " cells, " << data.admin_polygons.size() << " polygons" << std::endl;
   290→    });
   291→
   292→    std::vector<std::future<void>> write_futures;
   293→    if (write_streets) {
   294→        write_futures.push_back(std::async(std::launch::async, [&] {
   295→            std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/street_ways.bin", std::ios::binary);
   296→            f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data.ways.data()), data.ways.size() * sizeof(WayHeader));
   297→        }));
   298→        write_futures.push_back(std::async(std::launch::async, [&] {
   299→            std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/street_nodes.bin", std::ios::binary);
   300→            f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data.street_nodes.data()), data.street_nodes.size() * sizeof(NodeCoord));
   301→        }));
   302→        if (write_addresses) {
   303→            write_futures.push_back(std::async(std::launch::async, [&] {
   304→                std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/addr_points.bin", std::ios::binary);
   305→                f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data.addr_points.data()), data.addr_points.size() * sizeof(AddrPoint));
   306→            }));
   307→            write_futures.push_back(std::async(std::launch::async, [&] {
   308→                std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/interp_ways.bin", std::ios::binary);
   309→                f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data.interp_ways.data()), data.interp_ways.size() * sizeof(InterpWay));
   310→            }));
   311→            write_futures.push_back(std::async(std::launch::async, [&] {
   312→                std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/interp_nodes.bin", std::ios::binary);
   313→                f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data.interp_nodes.data()), data.interp_nodes.size() * sizeof(NodeCoord));
   314→            }));
   315→        }
   316→    }
   317→    // If not writing all data types, compact string pool and remap references
   318→    // before writing admin_polygons and strings.bin.
   319→    std::vector<AdminPolygon> compact_admin;
   320→    std::vector<char> compact_strings;
   321→    const bool need_compact = (!write_streets || !write_addresses);
   322→
   323→    if (need_compact) {
   324→        // Collect referenced string offsets
   325→        std::unordered_set<uint32_t> used_offsets;
   326→        if (write_streets) {
   327→            for (const auto& w : data.ways) used_offsets.insert(w.name_id);
   328→            if (write_addresses) {
   329→                for (const auto& a : data.addr_points) {
   330→                    used_offsets.insert(a.housenumber_id);
   331→                    used_offsets.insert(a.street_id);
   332→                }
   333→                for (const auto& iw : data.interp_ways) used_offsets.insert(iw.street_id);
   334→            }
   335→        }
   336→        for (const auto& ap : data.admin_polygons) used_offsets.insert(ap.name_id);
   337→
   338→        // Build compact pool and remap
   339→        const auto& old_sp = data.string_pool.data();
   340→        std::vector<uint32_t> sorted_offs(used_offsets.begin(), used_offsets.end());
   341→        std::sort(sorted_offs.begin(), sorted_offs.end());
   342→        std::unordered_map<uint32_t, uint32_t> remap;
   343→        compact_strings.reserve(used_offsets.size() * 16);
   344→        for (uint32_t off : sorted_offs) {
   345→            remap[off] = static_cast<uint32_t>(compact_strings.size());
   346→            size_t len = std::strlen(old_sp.data() + off);
   347→            compact_strings.insert(compact_strings.end(), old_sp.data() + off,
   348→                old_sp.data() + off + len + 1);
   349→        }
   350→
   351→        // Remap admin polygon name_ids
   352→        compact_admin = data.admin_polygons;
   353→        for (auto& ap : compact_admin) ap.name_id = remap[ap.name_id];
   354→
   355→        // Remap street/addr/interp if applicable (for no-addresses mode)
   356→        // These are written from data directly, so we'd need copies too.
   357→        // For simplicity, only compact when we have fewer types.
   358→    }
   359→
   360→    const auto& admin_to_write = need_compact ? compact_admin : data.admin_polygons;
   361→    write_futures.push_back(std::async(std::launch::async, [&] {
   362→        std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/admin_polygons.bin", std::ios::binary);
   363→        f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(admin_to_write.data()), admin_to_write.size() * sizeof(AdminPolygon));
   364→    }));
   365→    write_futures.push_back(std::async(std::launch::async, [&] {
   366→        std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/admin_vertices.bin", std::ios::binary);
   367→        f.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data.admin_vertices.data()), data.admin_vertices.size() * sizeof(NodeCoord));
   368→    }));
   369→    write_futures.push_back(std::async(std::launch::async, [&] {
   370→        if (need_compact) {
   371→            std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/strings.bin", std::ios::binary);
   372→            f.write(compact_strings.data(), compact_strings.size());
   373→            std::cerr << "strings.bin: " << compact_strings.size() << " bytes (compacted from "
   374→                      << data.string_pool.data().size() << ")" << std::endl;
   375→        } else {
   376→            std::ofstream f(output_dir + "/strings.bin", std::ios::binary);
   377→            f.write(data.string_pool.data().data(), data.string_pool.data().size());
   378→            std::cerr << "strings.bin: " << data.string_pool.data().size() << " bytes" << std::endl;
   379→        }
   380→    }));
   381→
   382→    log_phase("  Write: parallel data files launched", _wt);
   383→    admin_future.get();
   384→    for (auto& f : write_futures) f.get();
   385→}
   386→
   387→void write_quality_variant(const ParsedData& data, const std::string& source_dir,
   388→                           const std::string& output_dir, double epsilon_scale) {
   389→    ensure_dir(output_dir);
   390→
   391→    // Re-simplify admin polygons at the given epsilon scale
   392→    std::vector<AdminPolygon> new_polys;
   393→    std::vector<NodeCoord> new_verts;
   394→    new_polys.reserve(data.admin_polygons.size());
   395→
   396→    // Parallel simplification
   397→    struct SimplifiedPoly {
   398→        std::vector<std::pair<double,double>> verts;
   399→    };


Great! Now let me check the types.h file to see the binary structure definitions.


Error: EISDIR: illegal operation on a directory, read '/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src'


     1→#pragma once
     2→
     3→#include <cstdint>
     4→#include <vector>
     5→
     6→// --- Binary format structs (must match server's index reader) ---
     7→
     8→struct WayHeader {
     9→    uint32_t node_offset;
    10→    uint8_t node_count;
    11→    uint32_t name_id;
    12→};
    13→
    14→struct AddrPoint {
    15→    float lat;
    16→    float lng;
    17→    uint32_t housenumber_id;
    18→    uint32_t street_id;
    19→};
    20→
    21→struct InterpWay {
    22→    uint32_t node_offset;
    23→    uint8_t node_count;
    24→    uint32_t street_id;
    25→    uint32_t start_number;
    26→    uint32_t end_number;
    27→    uint8_t interpolation;
    28→};
    29→
    30→struct AdminPolygon {
    31→    uint32_t vertex_offset;
    32→    uint32_t vertex_count;
    33→    uint32_t name_id;
    34→    uint8_t admin_level;
    35→    float area;
    36→    uint16_t country_code;
    37→};
    38→
    39→struct NodeCoord {
    40→    float lat;
    41→    float lng;
    42→};
    43→
    44→// Sorted cell-item pair for direct entry writing (avoids hash map)
    45→struct CellItemPair {
    46→    uint64_t cell_id;
    47→    uint32_t item_id;
    48→};
    49→
    50→// --- Constants ---
    51→
    52→static const uint32_t INTERIOR_FLAG = 0x80000000u;
    53→static const uint32_t ID_MASK       = 0x7FFFFFFFu;
    54→static const uint32_t NO_DATA       = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
    55→
    56→// Simplification mode
    57→enum class SimplifyMode { MaxVertices, ErrorBounded };
    58→
    59→// Processing limits
    60→static constexpr size_t MAX_BLOCK_QUEUE         = 64;    // producer-consumer queue depth
    61→static constexpr int    MAX_NODE_COUNT          = 255;   // uint8_t node_count
    62→static constexpr int    MAX_VERTEX_COUNT        = 0x7FFFFFFF; // uint32_t vertex_count
    63→static constexpr int    MAX_S2_CELLS_PER_POLY   = 200;   // S2RegionCoverer max_cells
    64→static constexpr int    BACKTRACK_CALL_BUDGET   = 100000; // per-ring backtracking limit
    65→static constexpr int    BACKTRACK_TOTAL_BUDGET  = 500000; // per-relation backtracking limit
    66→static constexpr int    BACKTRACK_MAX_DEPTH     = 200;    // recursion depth limit
    67→static constexpr size_t MAX_SUBWAYS_FOR_RETRY   = 30;     // only retry small relations
    68→static constexpr size_t MAX_NODE_ID_DEFAULT     = 15000000000ULL; // dense index capacity
    69→
    70→// --- Index mode ---
    71→
    72→enum class IndexMode { Full, NoAddresses, AdminOnly };
    73→
    74→// --- Deferred S2 work items ---
    75→
    76→struct DeferredWay {
    77→    uint32_t way_id;
    78→    uint32_t node_offset;
    79→    uint8_t node_count;
    80→};
    81→
    82→struct DeferredInterp {
    83→    uint32_t interp_id;
    84→    uint32_t node_offset;
    85→    uint8_t node_count;
    86→};
    87→
    88→// Collected relation data for parallel admin assembly
    89→struct CollectedRelation {
    90→    int64_t id;
    91→    uint8_t admin_level;
    92→    std::string name;
    93→    std::string country_code;
    94→    bool is_postal;
    95→    std::vector<std::pair<int64_t, std::string>> members; // (way_id, role)
    96→};
    97→


Excellent! Now let me search for more details on how entries are structured and whether there's any sorting requirement.


30-}
31-
32:// --- Binary format structs (must match C++ build pipeline) ---
33-
34-#[repr(C)]
--
109-
110-fn mmap_file(path: &str) -> Result<Mmap, String> {
111:    let file = File::open(path).map_err(|e| format!("Failed to open {}: {}", path, e))?;
112:    unsafe { Mmap::map(&file).map_err(|e| format!("Failed to mmap {}: {}", path, e)) }
113-}
114-
--
123-        let max_distance_sq = meters_to_rad * meters_to_rad;
124-
125:        let geo_cells = mmap_file_optional(&format!("{}/geo_cells.bin", dir));
126-        let has_geo = geo_cells.is_some();
127-
128-        let required_geo = |name: &str| -> Result<Option<Mmap>, String> {
129:            let path = format!("{}/{}", dir, name);
130-            let mmap = mmap_file_optional(&path);
131-            if has_geo && mmap.is_none() {
132:                return Err(format!("Partial geo index: {} is missing", name));
133-            }
134-            Ok(mmap)
--
140-            street_ways: required_geo("street_ways.bin")?,
141-            street_nodes: required_geo("street_nodes.bin")?,
142:            addr_entries: mmap_file_optional(&format!("{}/addr_entries.bin", dir)),
143:            addr_points: mmap_file_optional(&format!("{}/addr_points.bin", dir)),
144:            interp_entries: mmap_file_optional(&format!("{}/interp_entries.bin", dir)),
145:            interp_ways: mmap_file_optional(&format!("{}/interp_ways.bin", dir)),
146:            interp_nodes: mmap_file_optional(&format!("{}/interp_nodes.bin", dir)),
147:            admin_cells: mmap_file(&format!("{}/admin_cells.bin", dir))?,
148:            admin_entries: mmap_file(&format!("{}/admin_entries.bin", dir))?,
149:            admin_polygons: mmap_file(&format!("{}/admin_polygons.bin", dir))?,
150:            admin_vertices: mmap_file(&format!("{}/admin_vertices.bin", dir))?,
151:            strings: mmap_file(&format!("{}/strings.bin", dir))?,
152-            street_cell_level,
153-            admin_cell_level,
--
550-            country_code: admin.country_code.map(|c| String::from_utf8_lossy(&c).into_owned()),
551-        };
552:        let display_name = format_address(&address);
553-        Address { display_name, address }
554-    }
--
653-}
654-
655:// Address formatting patterns by country code
656-// Returns (number_after_street, postcode_before_city, include_state)
657:fn format_rules(country_code: Option<&str>) -> (bool, bool, bool) {
658-    match country_code {
659-        // Number before street, postcode after city, include state
--
671-}
672-
673:fn format_address(addr: &AddressDetails<'_>) -> Option<String> {
674-    if addr.road.is_none() && addr.city.is_none() && addr.country.is_none() {
675-        return None;
676-    }
677-
678:    let (number_after, postcode_before_city, include_state) = format_rules(addr.country_code.as_deref());
679-    let mut parts: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
680-
--
683-        if let Some(ref hn) = addr.house_number {
684-            if number_after {
685:                parts.push(format!("{} {}", road, hn));
686-            } else {
687:                parts.push(format!("{} {}", hn, road));
688-            }
689-        } else {
--
764-
765-    let rate_key = if by_ip {
766:        format!("{}:{}", login, connect_info.0.ip())
767-    } else {
768-        login
--
790-    let search_distance = arg_value("--search-distance").and_then(|v| v.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(DEFAULT_SEARCH_DISTANCE);
791-
792:    let db_path = format!("{}/geocoder.json", data_dir);
793-    let db = auth::Db::load(&db_path);
794-


Now let me check if there's any documentation or comments about sorting requirements in cell_index.cpp.


grep -A 5 -B 5 "std::sort\|sorted\|binary" /root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/cell_index.cpp | head -50


#include "geometry.h"
#include "s2_helpers.h"

std::vector<uint32_t> write_entries(
    const std::string& path,
    const std::vector<uint64_t>& sorted_cells,
    const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::vector<uint32_t>>& cell_map
) {
    struct CellRef { uint64_t cell_id; const std::vector<uint32_t>* ids; };
    std::vector<CellRef> sorted_refs;
    sorted_refs.reserve(cell_map.size());
    for (auto& [id, ids] : cell_map) sorted_refs.push_back({id, &ids});
    std::sort(sorted_refs.begin(), sorted_refs.end(),
        [](const CellRef& a, const CellRef& b) { return a.cell_id < b.cell_id; });

    std::vector<uint32_t> offsets(sorted_cells.size(), NO_DATA);
    size_t total_size = 0;
    for (auto& r : sorted_refs) total_size += sizeof(uint16_t) + r.ids->size() * sizeof(uint32_t);

    std::vector<char> buf;
    buf.reserve(total_size);
    uint32_t current = 0;
    size_t ri = 0;
    for (uint32_t si = 0; si < sorted_cells.size() && ri < sorted_refs.size(); si++) {
        if (sorted_cells[si] < sorted_refs[ri].cell_id) continue;
        if (sorted_cells[si] > sorted_refs[ri].cell_id) { si--; ri++; continue; }
        offsets[si] = current;
        const auto& ids = *sorted_refs[ri].ids;
        uint16_t count = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(ids.size(), size_t(MAX_VERTEX_COUNT)));
        buf.insert(buf.end(), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&count),
                   reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&count) + sizeof(count));
        buf.insert(buf.end(), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ids.data()),
                   reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ids.data()) + ids.size() * sizeof(uint32_t));
        current += sizeof(uint16_t) + ids.size() * sizeof(uint32_t);
        ri++;
    }
    std::ofstream f(path, std::ios::binary);
    f.write(buf.data(), buf.size());
    return offsets;
}

std::vector<uint32_t> write_entries_from_sorted(
    const std::string& path,
    const std::vector<uint64_t>& sorted_cells,
    const std::vector<CellItemPair>& sorted_pairs
) {
    std::vector<uint32_t> offsets(sorted_cells.size(), NO_DATA);
    if (sorted_pairs.empty()) {
        std::ofstream f(path, std::ios::binary);
        return offsets;


Let me check the detailed implementation of how arrays are cast from raw pointers in the server to understand alignment requirements.


   650→    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
   651→    display_name: Option<String>,
   652→    address: AddressDetails<'a>,
   653→}
   654→
   655→// Address formatting patterns by country code
   656→// Returns (number_after_street, postcode_before_city, include_state)
   657→fn format_rules(country_code: Option<&str>) -> (bool, bool, bool) {
   658→    match country_code {
   659→        // Number before street, postcode after city, include state
   660→        Some("US") | Some("CA") | Some("AU") | Some("NZ")
   661→        | Some("GB") | Some("IE") | Some("ZA") | Some("IN")
   662→        | Some("NG") | Some("KE") | Some("GH") | Some("PK")
   663→        | Some("PH") | Some("TH") | Some("MY") => (false, false, true),
   664→
   665→        // Number before street, postcode before city, include state
   666→        Some("JP") | Some("KR") | Some("CN") | Some("TW") => (false, true, true),
   667→
   668→        // Number after street, postcode before city, no state (most of Europe, etc.)
   669→        _ => (true, true, false),
   670→    }
   671→}
   672→
   673→fn format_address(addr: &AddressDetails<'_>) -> Option<String> {
   674→    if addr.road.is_none() && addr.city.is_none() && addr.country.is_none() {
   675→        return None;
   676→    }
   677→
   678→    let (number_after, postcode_before_city, include_state) = format_rules(addr.country_code.as_deref());
   679→    let mut parts: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
   680→
   681→    // Street + house number
   682→    if let Some(road) = addr.road {
   683→        if let Some(ref hn) = addr.house_number {
   684→            if number_after {
   685→                parts.push(format!("{} {}", road, hn));
   686→            } else {
   687→                parts.push(format!("{} {}", hn, road));
   688→            }
   689→        } else {
   690→            parts.push(road.to_string());
   691→        }
   692→    }
   693→
   694→    // City + postcode + state
   695→    if postcode_before_city {
   696→        let mut city_part = String::new();
   697→        if let Some(pc) = addr.postcode {
   698→            city_part.push_str(pc);
   699→            city_part.push(' ');
   700→        }
   701→        if let Some(city) = addr.city {
   702→            city_part.push_str(city);
   703→        }
   704→        if include_state {
   705→            if let Some(state) = addr.state {
   706→                if !city_part.is_empty() { city_part.push_str(", "); }
   707→                city_part.push_str(state);
   708→            }
   709→        }
   710→        if !city_part.is_empty() {
   711→            parts.push(city_part.trim().to_string());
   712→        }
   713→    } else {
   714→        let mut city_part = String::new();
   715→        if let Some(city) = addr.city {
   716→            city_part.push_str(city);
   717→        }
   718→        if include_state {
   719→            if let Some(state) = addr.state {
   720→                if !city_part.is_empty() { city_part.push_str(", "); }
   721→                city_part.push_str(state);
   722→            }
   723→        }
   724→        if let Some(pc) = addr.postcode {
   725→            if !city_part.is_empty() { city_part.push(' '); }
   726→            city_part.push_str(pc);
   727→        }
   728→        if !city_part.is_empty() {
   729→            parts.push(city_part);
   730→        }
   731→    }
   732→
   733→    // Country
   734→    if let Some(country) = addr.country {
   735→        parts.push(country.to_string());
   736→    }
   737→
   738→    if parts.is_empty() { None } else { Some(parts.join(", ")) }
   739→}
   740→
   741→#[derive(Deserialize)]
   742→struct QueryParams {
   743→    lat: f64,
   744→    lon: f64,
   745→    key: Option<String>,
   746→}
   747→
   748→async fn reverse_geocode(
   749→    Query(params): Query<QueryParams>,


Let me look at how the arrays are actually cast from mmap pointers in the server to understand the exact format requirements.


   253→        let empty_addr: &[AddrPoint] = &[];
   254→        let all_points: &[AddrPoint] = if let Some(ref m) = self.addr_points {
   255→            unsafe {
   256→                std::slice::from_raw_parts(
   257→                    m.as_ptr() as *const AddrPoint,
   258→                    m.len() / std::mem::size_of::<AddrPoint>(),
   259→                )
   260→            }
   261→        } else {
   262→            empty_addr
   263→        };
   264→        let all_ways: &[WayHeader] = unsafe {
   265→            std::slice::from_raw_parts(
   266→                street_ways_mmap.as_ptr() as *const WayHeader,
   267→                street_ways_mmap.len() / std::mem::size_of::<WayHeader>(),
   268→            )
   269→        };
   270→        let all_street_nodes: &[NodeCoord] = unsafe {
   271→            std::slice::from_raw_parts(
   272→                street_nodes_mmap.as_ptr() as *const NodeCoord,
   273→                street_nodes_mmap.len() / std::mem::size_of::<NodeCoord>(),
   274→            )
   275→        };
   276→        let empty_interp: &[InterpWay] = &[];
   277→        let all_interps: &[InterpWay] = if let Some(ref m) = self.interp_ways {
   278→            unsafe {
   279→                std::slice::from_raw_parts(
   280→                    m.as_ptr() as *const InterpWay,
   281→                    m.len() / std::mem::size_of::<InterpWay>(),
   282→                )
   283→            }
   284→        } else {
   285→            empty_interp
   286→        };
   287→        let empty_interp_nodes: &[NodeCoord] = &[];
   288→        let all_interp_nodes: &[NodeCoord] = if let Some(ref m) = self.interp_nodes {
   289→            unsafe {
   290→                std::slice::from_raw_parts(
   291→                    m.as_ptr() as *const NodeCoord,
   292→                    m.len() / std::mem::size_of::<NodeCoord>(),
   293→                )
   294→            }
   295→        } else {
   296→            empty_interp_nodes
   297→        };
   298→
   299→        let cos_lat = lat.to_radians().cos();
   300→
   301→        let mut best_addr_dist = f64::MAX;
   302→        let mut best_addr: Option<&AddrPoint> = None;
   303→        let mut best_street_dist = f64::MAX;
   304→        let mut best_street: Option<&WayHeader> = None;
   305→        let mut best_interp_dist = f64::MAX;
   306→        let mut best_interp: Option<&InterpWay> = None;
   307→        let mut best_interp_t: f64 = 0.0;
   308→
   309→        // Fixed-size hash set on stack to skip duplicate street IDs across cells
   310→        let mut seen_streets: [u32; 64] = [u32::MAX; 64];
   311→
   312→        for c in std::iter::once(cell).chain(neighbors.into_iter()) {
   313→            let offsets = Self::lookup_geo_cell(geo_cells, c);
   314→
   315→            // Addresses
   316→            if let Some(ref addr_entries) = self.addr_entries {
   317→                Self::for_each_entry(addr_entries, offsets.addr, |id| {
   318→                    let point = &all_points[id as usize];
   319→                    let dlat = (point.lat as f64 - lat).to_radians();
   320→                    let dlng = (point.lng as f64 - lng).to_radians();
   321→                    let dist = dist_sq(dlat, dlng, cos_lat);
   322→                    if dist < best_addr_dist {
   323→                        best_addr_dist = dist;
   324→                        best_addr = Some(point);
   325→                    }
   326→                });
   327→            }
   328→
   329→            // Streets
   330→            Self::for_each_entry(street_entries, offsets.street, |id| {
   331→                let slot = (id as usize) & 0x3F;
   332→                if seen_streets[slot] == id { return; }


Perfect! Now let me check if there's any version or manifest information in the index loading.


grep -n "version\|VERSION\|magic\|header\|manifest" /root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/main.rs /root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp | head -20


/root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/main.rs:777:    ([(axum::http::header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")], json).into_response()
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:571:                            WayHeader header{}; header.node_offset = noff;
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:572:                            header.node_count = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::min(refs_size, size_t(255)));
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:573:                            local.ways.push_back(header);
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:575:                            local.deferred_ways.push_back({wid, noff, header.node_count});
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:1331:        // Step 2: Reorder way headers by primary S2 cell + name.
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:1333:        // Way headers get updated node_offsets pointing to original positions.
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:1356:            // Build old→new mapping and reorder headers (node_offsets unchanged)
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:1378:        // Step 3: Reorder interpolation headers (same approach, nodes stay in place).
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:1602:    // --- Generate manifest.json ---
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:1651:        std::ofstream mf(output_dir + "/manifest.json");
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:1653:        mf << "  \"version\": 1,\n";
/root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/build_index.cpp:1731:        std::cerr << "Wrote " << output_dir << "/manifest.json" << std::endl;


Excellent! There is a manifest file. Let me examine how it's generated in the builder.


  1600→    log_phase("All index writing (total)", _pt, _cpu);
  1601→
  1602→    // --- Generate manifest.json ---
  1603→    {
  1604→        auto file_size = [](const std::string& path) -> int64_t {
  1605→            struct stat st;
  1606→            if (stat(path.c_str(), &st) == 0) return st.st_size;
  1607→            return -1;
  1608→        };
  1609→
  1610→        auto dir_size = [&](const std::string& dir, const std::vector<std::string>& files) -> int64_t {
  1611→            int64_t total = 0;
  1612→            for (const auto& f : files) {
  1613→                int64_t s = file_size(dir + "/" + f);
  1614→                if (s > 0) total += s;
  1615→            }
  1616→            return total;
  1617→        };
  1618→
  1619→        std::vector<std::string> admin_base_files = {
  1620→            "admin_cells.bin", "admin_entries.bin", "strings.bin"
  1621→        };
  1622→        std::vector<std::string> admin_quality_files = {
  1623→            "admin_polygons.bin", "admin_vertices.bin"
  1624→        };
  1625→        std::vector<std::string> street_files = {
  1626→            "street_ways.bin", "street_nodes.bin", "street_entries.bin"
  1627→        };
  1628→        std::vector<std::string> address_files = {
  1629→            "addr_points.bin", "addr_entries.bin",
  1630→            "interp_ways.bin", "interp_nodes.bin", "interp_entries.bin"
  1631→        };
  1632→        std::vector<std::string> geo_files = {"geo_cells.bin"};
  1633→
  1634→        // Build list of regions
  1635→        std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> regions; // (name, path)
  1636→        regions.push_back({"planet", output_dir});
  1637→        if (generate_continents) {
  1638→            for (size_t ci = 0; ci < kContinentCount; ci++) {
  1639→                regions.push_back({kContinents[ci].name,
  1640→                    output_dir + "/" + kContinents[ci].name});
  1641→            }
  1642→        }
  1643→
  1644→        // Quality level names
  1645→        auto quality_dir_name = [](double scale) -> std::string {
  1646→            if (scale == 0) return "uncapped";
  1647→            char buf[32]; snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "q%.4g", scale);
  1648→            return buf;
  1649→        };
  1650→
  1651→        std::ofstream mf(output_dir + "/manifest.json");
  1652→        mf << "{\n";
  1653→        mf << "  \"version\": 1,\n";
  1654→        mf << "  \"regions\": [\n";
  1655→
  1656→        for (size_t ri = 0; ri < regions.size(); ri++) {
  1657→            const auto& [rname, rpath] = regions[ri];
  1658→            mf << "    {\n";
  1659→            mf << "      \"name\": \"" << rname << "\",\n";
  1660→
  1661→            // Modes
  1662→            mf << "      \"modes\": {\n";
  1663→            if (multi_output) {
  1664→                // Full
  1665→                std::string full_dir = rpath + "/full";
  1666→                int64_t full_sz = dir_size(full_dir, geo_files) +
  1667→                    dir_size(full_dir, street_files) +
  1668→                    dir_size(full_dir, address_files) +
  1669→                    dir_size(full_dir, admin_base_files) +
  1670→                    dir_size(full_dir, admin_quality_files);
  1671→                mf << "        \"full\": {\"size\": " << full_sz << "},\n";
  1672→
  1673→                // Streets (no addresses)
  1674→                std::string na_dir = rpath + "/no-addresses";
  1675→                int64_t na_sz = dir_size(na_dir, geo_files) +
  1676→                    dir_size(na_dir, street_files) +
  1677→                    dir_size(na_dir, admin_base_files) +
  1678→                    dir_size(na_dir, admin_quality_files);
  1679→                mf << "        \"no-addresses\": {\"size\": " << na_sz << "},\n";
  1680→
  1681→                // Admin base (shared files)
  1682→                std::string admin_dir = rpath + "/admin";
  1683→                int64_t admin_base_sz = dir_size(admin_dir, admin_base_files);
  1684→                mf << "        \"admin\": {\"base_size\": " << admin_base_sz << "}\n";
  1685→            } else {
  1686→                int64_t sz = 0;
  1687→                for (const auto& lists : {geo_files, street_files, address_files,
  1688→                                          admin_base_files, admin_quality_files}) {
  1689→                    sz += dir_size(rpath, lists);
  1690→                }
  1691→                mf << "        \"" << (mode == IndexMode::Full ? "full" :
  1692→                    mode == IndexMode::NoAddresses ? "no-addresses" : "admin") << "\": {\"size\": " << sz << "}\n";
  1693→            }
  1694→            mf << "      },\n";
  1695→
  1696→            // Quality variants
  1697→            if (multi_quality) {
  1698→                std::string admin_dir = multi_output ? rpath + "/admin" : rpath;
  1699→                mf << "      \"qualities\": [\n";
  1700→                for (size_t qi = 0; qi < quality_scales.size(); qi++) {
  1701→                    double scale = quality_scales[qi];
  1702→                    std::string qname = quality_dir_name(scale);
  1703→                    std::string qdir = admin_dir + "/" + qname;
  1704→                    int64_t qsz = dir_size(qdir, admin_quality_files);
  1705→
  1706→                    // Compute epsilon values for this scale
  1707→                    double eps_l2 = (scale == 0) ? 0 : 500.0 * scale * kEpsilonScale;
  1708→                    double eps_l8 = (scale == 0) ? 0 : 15.0 * scale * kEpsilonScale;
  1709→
  1710→                    mf << "        {\"name\": \"" << qname << "\", \"scale\": " << scale
  1711→                       << ", \"size\": " << qsz
  1712→                       << ", \"epsilon_l2_m\": " << eps_l2
  1713→                       << ", \"epsilon_l8_m\": " << eps_l8
  1714→                       << "}";
  1715→                    if (qi + 1 < quality_scales.size()) mf << ",";
  1716→                    mf << "\n";
  1717→                }
  1718→                mf << "      ]\n";
  1719→            } else {
  1720→                mf << "      \"qualities\": []\n";
  1721→            }
  1722→
  1723→            mf << "    }";
  1724→            if (ri + 1 < regions.size()) mf << ",";
  1725→            mf << "\n";
  1726→        }
  1727→
  1728→        mf << "  ]\n";
  1729→        mf << "}\n";
  1730→
  1731→        std::cerr << "Wrote " << output_dir << "/manifest.json" << std::endl;
  1732→    }
  1733→
  1734→    std::cerr << "Done." << std::endl;
  1735→    return 0;
  1736→}
  1737→


Now let me check if the server actually reads or validates the manifest file.


grep -r "manifest" /root/traccar-geocoder/server/src --include="*.rs"


(Bash completed with no output)


Let me now gather information about the detailed file structures and requirements by checking how entries files work.


grep -A 10 "fn for_each_entry" /root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/main.rs


    fn for_each_entry(entries: &[u8], offset: u32, mut f: impl FnMut(u32)) {
        if offset == NO_DATA { return; }
        let offset = offset as usize;
        if offset + 2 > entries.len() { return; }

        let id_count = Self::read_u16(entries, offset) as usize;
        let data_start = offset + 2;
        if data_start + id_count * 4 > entries.len() { return; }

        for i in 0..id_count {
            f(Self::read_u32(entries, data_start + i * 4));


Perfect! Now let me check the binary search implementation for geo_cells to understand the exact format.


grep -A 20 "fn lookup_geo_cell" /root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/main.rs


    fn lookup_geo_cell(cells: &[u8], cell_id: u64) -> GeoCellOffsets {
        let entry_size: usize = 20;
        let count = cells.len() / entry_size;
        let empty = GeoCellOffsets { street: NO_DATA, addr: NO_DATA, interp: NO_DATA };
        if count == 0 { return empty; }

        let mut lo = 0usize;
        let mut hi = count;
        while lo < hi {
            let mid = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
            let mid_id = Self::read_u64(cells, mid * entry_size);
            if mid_id == cell_id {
                return GeoCellOffsets {
                    street: Self::read_u32(cells, mid * entry_size + 8),
                    addr: Self::read_u32(cells, mid * entry_size + 12),
                    interp: Self::read_u32(cells, mid * entry_size + 16),
                };
            } else if mid_id < cell_id {
                lo = mid + 1;
            } else {
                hi = mid;


Now let me check if there are any requirements about whether the server validates data or expects it to be strictly sorted.


grep -A 20 "fn lookup_admin_cell" /root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/main.rs


    fn lookup_admin_cell(cells: &[u8], cell_id: u64) -> u32 {
        let entry_size: usize = 12;
        let count = cells.len() / entry_size;
        if count == 0 { return NO_DATA; }

        let mut lo = 0usize;
        let mut hi = count;
        while lo < hi {
            let mid = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
            let mid_id = Self::read_u64(cells, mid * entry_size);
            if mid_id == cell_id {
                return Self::read_u32(cells, mid * entry_size + 8);
            } else if mid_id < cell_id {
                lo = mid + 1;
            } else {
                hi = mid;
            }
        }
        NO_DATA
    }


Let me check what happens if the server encounters out-of-order data or invalid offsets - let me look for bounds checking.


grep -B 3 -A 3 "offset as usize\|id as usize" /root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/main.rs | head -60


    }

    fn get_string(&self, offset: u32) -> &str {
        let bytes = &self.strings[offset as usize..];
        let end = bytes.iter().position(|&b| b == 0).unwrap_or(bytes.len());
        std::str::from_utf8(&bytes[..end]).unwrap_or("")
    }
--
    // Iterate entry IDs inline from entries file at given offset
    fn for_each_entry(entries: &[u8], offset: u32, mut f: impl FnMut(u32)) {
        if offset == NO_DATA { return; }
        let offset = offset as usize;
        if offset + 2 > entries.len() { return; }

        let id_count = Self::read_u16(entries, offset) as usize;
--
            // Addresses
            if let Some(ref addr_entries) = self.addr_entries {
                Self::for_each_entry(addr_entries, offsets.addr, |id| {
                    let point = &all_points[id as usize];
                    let dlat = (point.lat as f64 - lat).to_radians();
                    let dlng = (point.lng as f64 - lng).to_radians();
                    let dist = dist_sq(dlat, dlng, cos_lat);
--

            // Streets
            Self::for_each_entry(street_entries, offsets.street, |id| {
                let slot = (id as usize) & 0x3F;
                if seen_streets[slot] == id { return; }
                seen_streets[slot] = id;

                let way = &all_ways[id as usize];
                let offset = way.node_offset as usize;
                let count = way.node_count as usize;
                let nodes = &all_street_nodes[offset..offset + count];

--
            // Interpolation
            if let Some(ref interp_entries) = self.interp_entries {
                Self::for_each_entry(interp_entries, offsets.interp, |id| {
                    let iw = &all_interps[id as usize];
                    if iw.start_number == 0 || iw.end_number == 0 { return; }

                    let offset = iw.node_offset as usize;
                    let count = iw.node_count as usize;
                    let nodes = &all_interp_nodes[offset..offset + count];

--

                // Interior cells skip point-in-polygon test
                if is_interior || point_in_polygon(lat as f32, lng as f32, {
                    let offset = poly.vertex_offset as usize;
                    let count = poly.vertex_count as usize;
                    &all_vertices[offset..offset + count]
                }) {


Now let me create a comprehensive summary document by examining all the key aspects. Let me check if the arrays need to be perfectly packed or if there's any padding.


cat > /tmp/check_sizes.txt << 'EOF'
struct WayHeader {
  uint32_t node_offset;  // 4 bytes
  uint8_t node_count;    // 1 byte
  uint32_t name_id;      // 4 bytes
};                       // Total: 9 bytes (no padding)

struct AddrPoint {
  float lat;             // 4 bytes
  float lng;             // 4 bytes
  uint32_t housenumber_id; // 4 bytes
  uint32_t street_id;    // 4 bytes
};                       // Total: 16 bytes

struct InterpWay {
  uint32_t node_offset;  // 4 bytes
  uint8_t node_count;    // 1 byte
  uint32_t street_id;    // 4 bytes
  uint32_t start_number; // 4 bytes
  uint32_t end_number;   // 4 bytes
  uint8_t interpolation; // 1 byte
};                       // Total: 18 bytes (or 19 with padding)

struct AdminPolygon {
  uint32_t vertex_offset;  // 4 bytes
  uint32_t vertex_count;   // 4 bytes
  uint32_t name_id;        // 4 bytes
  uint8_t admin_level;     // 1 byte
  float area;              // 4 bytes
  uint16_t country_code;   // 2 bytes
};                         // Total: 19 bytes (or more with padding)

struct NodeCoord {
  float lat;             // 4 bytes
  float lng;             // 4 bytes
};                       // Total: 8 bytes
EOF
cat /tmp/check_sizes.txt


struct WayHeader {
  uint32_t node_offset;  // 4 bytes
  uint8_t node_count;    // 1 byte
  uint32_t name_id;      // 4 bytes
};                       // Total: 9 bytes (no padding)

struct AddrPoint {
  float lat;             // 4 bytes
  float lng;             // 4 bytes
  uint32_t housenumber_id; // 4 bytes
  uint32_t street_id;    // 4 bytes
};                       // Total: 16 bytes

struct InterpWay {
  uint32_t node_offset;  // 4 bytes
  uint8_t node_count;    // 1 byte
  uint32_t street_id;    // 4 bytes
  uint32_t start_number; // 4 bytes
  uint32_t end_number;   // 4 bytes
  uint8_t interpolation; // 1 byte
};                       // Total: 18 bytes (or 19 with padding)

struct AdminPolygon {
  uint32_t vertex_offset;  // 4 bytes
  uint32_t vertex_count;   // 4 bytes
  uint32_t name_id;        // 4 bytes
  uint8_t admin_level;     // 1 byte
  float area;              // 4 bytes
  uint16_t country_code;   // 2 bytes
};                         // Total: 19 bytes (or more with padding)

struct NodeCoord {
  float lat;             // 4 bytes
  float lng;             // 4 bytes
};                       // Total: 8 bytes


Let me check the exact struct definitions in the builder to confirm their sizes.


grep -A 8 "struct WayHeader\|struct AddrPoint\|struct InterpWay\|struct AdminPolygon\|struct NodeCoord" /root/traccar-geocoder/builder/src/types.h


struct WayHeader {
    uint32_t node_offset;
    uint8_t node_count;
    uint32_t name_id;
};

struct AddrPoint {
    float lat;
    float lng;
    uint32_t housenumber_id;
    uint32_t street_id;
};

struct InterpWay {
    uint32_t node_offset;
    uint8_t node_count;
    uint32_t street_id;
    uint32_t start_number;
    uint32_t end_number;
    uint8_t interpolation;
};

struct AdminPolygon {
    uint32_t vertex_offset;
    uint32_t vertex_count;
    uint32_t name_id;
    uint8_t admin_level;
    float area;
    uint16_t country_code;
};

struct NodeCoord {
    float lat;
    float lng;
};

// Sorted cell-item pair for direct entry writing (avoids hash map)
struct CellItemPair {
    uint64_t cell_id;
    uint32_t item_id;


Perfect! Now let me verify the exact binary format one more time by looking at how the builder writes struct arrays.


grep -B 5 -A 5 "std::mem::size_of" /root/traccar-geocoder/server/src/main.rs | head -40


        let empty_addr: &[AddrPoint] = &[];
        let all_points: &[AddrPoint] = if let Some(ref m) = self.addr_points {
            unsafe {
                std::slice::from_raw_parts(
                    m.as_ptr() as *const AddrPoint,
                    m.len() / std::mem::size_of::<AddrPoint>(),
                )
            }
        } else {
            empty_addr
        };
        let all_ways: &[WayHeader] = unsafe {
            std::slice::from_raw_parts(
                street_ways_mmap.as_ptr() as *const WayHeader,
                street_ways_mmap.len() / std::mem::size_of::<WayHeader>(),
            )
        };
        let all_street_nodes: &[NodeCoord] = unsafe {
            std::slice::from_raw_parts(
                street_nodes_mmap.as_ptr() as *const NodeCoord,
                street_nodes_mmap.len() / std::mem::size_of::<NodeCoord>(),
            )
        };
        let empty_interp: &[InterpWay] = &[];
        let all_interps: &[InterpWay] = if let Some(ref m) = self.interp_ways {
            unsafe {
                std::slice::from_raw_parts(
                    m.as_ptr() as *const InterpWay,
                    m.len() / std::mem::size_of::<InterpWay>(),
                )
            }
        } else {
            empty_interp
        };
        let empty_interp_nodes: &[NodeCoord] = &[];
        let all_interp_nodes: &[NodeCoord] = if let Some(ref m) = self.interp_nodes {
            unsafe {
                std::slice::from_raw_parts(
                    m.as_ptr() as *const NodeCoord,
                    m.len() / std::mem::size_of::<NodeCoord>(),